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BDK: CNS 5
25-26 LIST
| GENERIC | BRAND | CATEGORY | INDICATION | SIDE EFFECTS | BOXED WARNING | OTHER NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buspirone | Buspar | Antianxiety agent | Anxiety | dizziness, drowsiness, nausea | do not use with MAOI | |
| Alprazolam | Xanax | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | |
| Clonazepam | Klonopin | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | |
| Diazepam | Valium | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | |
| Lorazepam | Ativan | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions | parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours |
| Midazolam | Versed | Benzodiazepine | Anesthesia, sedation | hypotension, apnea, bradypnea | risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions; dose must be individualized; never give by rapid injection in neonates | |
| Zolpidem | PO: Ambien/CR SL: Edluar | Hypnotic | Insomnia | decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias | serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors | |
| Melatonin | --- | Sleep aid | Insomnia, Jet lag | drowsiness, daytime somnolence | ||
| Propofol | Diprivan | Sedative, general anesthetic | Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus | bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) | formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL | |
| Dexmedetomidine | Precedex | Alpha2 agonist, sedative | Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures | bradycardia, hypotension | tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours |