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bio exam two

units five, six, seven; covers chapters six, sixteen, seventeen, seven.

TermDefinition
nucleus houses main chromosomes; location of transcription; assembly of ribosomes.
chromosomes large DNA molecule with an associated protein; 23 pairs in humans.
ribosomes site of translation.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum site of lipid synthesis; neutralizes toxins; stores calcium ions.
rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached; synthesizes and modifies proteins; site of lipid synthesis; proteins in and released out of the cell membrane synthesized.
vesicle small membrane sphere; helps in moving things around the cell.
nuclear envelope double membrane that surrounds nucleus; regulates ribosome, protein, and RNA movement in and outside the cell.
nucleolus site of ribosome assembly; site of rRNA transcription.
mitochondria transforms energy from nutrients into ATP; converts energy in pyruvates into ATP; requires O2.
peroxisome uses hydrogen to break down toxins and kill pathogens.
microtubules allows chromosomes to move in mitosis; cytoskeleton proteins composed of tubulin.
golgi apparatus flat membrane disks; allows proteins to be sorted in cell; endomembrane system.
intermediate filaments maintains cell shape and nuclear lamina; intermediate diameter; cytoskeleton proteins.
microfilaments maintains cell shape; necessary to muscle contraction; cytoskeleton proteins.
plasma membrane semipermeable phospholipid bilayer; contains proteins and cholesterol.
cilia/flagella allow cell to move around or move things inside body; on exterior of the cell.
lysosome hydrolytic enzymes to break down macromolecules and damaged organelles; low pH (acidic); double-membrane structure.
proteasome allows proteins to breakdown when proteins are bonded to ubiquitin molecules; composed of proteins.
extracellular matrix organizes cells into tissue prominent in connective tissue; region outside of animal cells; has glycoproteins and proteoglycocens.
vacuole stores ions, pigments, and toxins; vesicle within cytoplasm of a cell enclosed by a membrane; contains fluid; regulates water.
chloroplast allows production of carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide and sunlight; has its own DNA; found in plants.
Created by: user-1991392
 

 



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