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chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acute kidney injury | the sudden onset of kidney failure as a result of injury from disease, trauma, or toxins |
| anuria | lack of the ability to form or excrete urine |
| azotemia | the presence of nitrogen-containing waste in the bloodstream as a result of the kidneys failing to filter the blood |
| bacteriuria | a condition of bacteria in the urine |
| bladder cancer | a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the uri- nary bladder |
| calculus | a stone that forms as the result of accumulation of mineral salts |
| chronic kidney disease | a condition that occurs when the kidneys cannot eliminate certain waste products from the body |
| cystalgia | pain in the bladder |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystocele | an abnormal protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina |
| cystolith | a stone that has formed or lodged in the bladder; also called a vesical calculus |
| diuresis | an increase in urine production and excretion |
| dysuria | a condition of difficulty or pain with urination |
| functional incontinence | a type of incontinence in which the urinary bladder functions properly but urine loss is caused by envi- ronmental, cognitive, or physical reasons |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli, marked by the spilling of blood and protein over into the urine |
| hematuria | blood or blood cells in the urine |
| hydronephrosis | the swelling of one or both kidneys due to urine buildup from urinary tract obstruction |
| interstitial | a chronic condition that causes bladder pressure and pain, pelvic pain, and frequent urination |
| kidney failure | the stage of kidney disease at which the patient cannot survive without kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant |
| mixed incontinence | a type of incontinence in which there are symp- toms of both urge and stress incontinence |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| nephrolithiasis | the condition of having stones form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys; also called kidney stones or renal calculi |
| nephrologist | a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats condi- tions of the kidneys |
| nephrology | the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of kidney conditions |
| nephroma | a tumor of the kidney |
| nephrotic | a disorder in which the kidneys release too much protein into the urine (proteinuria); also known as nephrosis |
| neurogenic | a condition affecting the bladder and bladder con- trol due to damage or disease of the brain, spinal cord, or central nervous system |
| nocturia | excessive urination during the night |
| oliguria | production of very little urine (less than 400 mL/ day) |
| overflow incontinence | a type of incontinence that is due to overflow or overdistension of the bladder |
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joan672029