Metabolism is all the

chemical reactions that take place inside cells

A metabolic pathway is a

series of interconnected biochemical reactions

Anabolic pathways require an

input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

Catabolic pathways release

energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Thermal energy is the

kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms

Potential energy is energy that

matter possesses due to its location or structure

Chemical energy is the potential energy stored in

molecules that can be release during a chemical reaction

No exchange of energy or matter with its surroundings

energy and matter can flow between a system and its surroundings

First law of thermodynamics

States that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

randomness or molecular disorder in a system

Gibbs Free Energy is the usable

energy that is available to do work.

have a positive ∆G - nonspontaneous

the transfer of its terminal (Gamma) phosphate groups to another molecule

special molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions

reduce the activation energy required to reach the transition state making it easier and faster

Once bound, the substrate causes a subtle shift in the enzyme’s structure

After an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it

releases its product(s) and returns to its original state

Cofactors are inorganic ions such as

iron (Fe++) and magnesium (Mg++)

Competitive inhibitors compete with

substrates for binding to the active site of an enzyme

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an enzyme at a

location other than the active site

Competitive inhibitors affect the

initial rate but do not affect the maximal rate

Feedback inhibition involves

using a reaction product to regulate its own further production

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Stack #4540351

bio 3

Term	Definition
Metabolism is all the	chemical reactions that take place inside cells
A metabolic pathway is a	series of interconnected biochemical reactions
Anabolic pathways require an	input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
Catabolic pathways release	energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules
Thermal energy is the	kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms
Potential energy is energy that	matter possesses due to its location or structure
Chemical energy is the potential energy stored in	molecules that can be release during a chemical reaction
Closed system	No exchange of energy or matter with its surroundings
Open system	energy and matter can flow between a system and its surroundings
First law of thermodynamics	States that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant
Entropy is a measure	randomness or molecular disorder in a system
Spontaneous processes occur without the	input of external energy.
Gibbs Free Energy is the usable	energy that is available to do work.
Exergonic Reaction	have a negative ∆G
Endergonic Reaction	have a positive ∆G - nonspontaneous
Living cells exist in a steady state instead of	ever reaching equilibrium
Cells can perform work by	energy coupling
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the	energy supplying the molecule
phosphorylation	the transfer of its terminal (Gamma) phosphate groups to another molecule
A catalyst is a	speeds up chemical reaction
Enzyme are	special molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions
Enzymes	reduce the activation energy required to reach the transition state making it easier and faster
The chemical reactants to which an enzyme binds are the enzyme’s	substrates
The location within the enzyme where the substrate binds is the enzyme’s	active site
When an enzyme binds its substrate, it forms an	enzyme- substrate complex
induced fit.	Once bound, the substrate causes a subtle shift in the enzyme’s structure
After an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it	releases its product(s) and returns to its original state
Enzymes optimal conditions favor the most	active conformation
Cofactors are inorganic ions such as	iron (Fe++) and magnesium (Mg++)
Coenzymes are	organic helper molecules
Competitive inhibitors compete with	substrates for binding to the active site of an enzyme
Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an enzyme at a	location other than the active site
Competitive inhibitors affect the	initial rate but do not affect the maximal rate
Noncompetitive inhibitors affect the	maximal rate.
Feedback inhibition involves	using a reaction product to regulate its own further production

Created by: ecoesfeldd

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