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plantissue

QuestionAnswer
Plant tissues Groups of cells performing specific functions in plants
Two main types of plant tissues Meristematic tissues and Permanent tissues
Meristematic tissues Tissues with actively dividing cells that produce new cells
Permanent tissues Mature cells derived from meristematic tissues that no longer divide
Apical meristem Found at root and shoot tips; responsible for primary (length) growth
Lateral meristem Found along stems and roots; responsible for secondary (thickness) growth
Types of lateral meristem Vascular cambium and Cork cambium
Intercalary meristem Located at leaf bases or nodes; allows regrowth after cutting (e.g., grasses)
Vascular cambium Produces xylem and phloem
Cork cambium Produces protective cork tissue (bark)
Permanent tissues Derived from meristematic tissues and specialize in specific functions
Two types of permanent tissues Simple permanent tissues and Complex permanent tissues
Simple permanent tissues Made of one type of cell with similar structure and function
Complex permanent tissues Made of different types of cells working together
Main kinds of simple permanent tissues Epidermis, Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Cork
Epidermis Outer protective layer of cells covering plant parts
Structure of epidermis Single layer of cube-like or rectangular cells
Function of epidermis Protection and prevention of water loss
Cutin Waxy layer secreted by epidermis forming a cuticle to reduce water loss
Trichomes Hair-like outgrowths that protect and reduce transpiration
Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells that increase water absorption
Guard cells Paired epidermal cells surrounding stomata for gas exchange
Parenchyma Thin-walled living cells used for storage and photosynthesis
Shape of parenchyma Round, cylindrical, or many-sided
Function of parenchyma Food manufacturing and storage
Chlorenchyma Parenchyma with chloroplasts; performs photosynthesis
Collenchyma Thick-walled living cells providing flexibility and support
Function of collenchyma Support and storage
Shape of collenchyma cells Cube-like or rectangular
Sclerenchyma Thick-walled dead cells providing strength and support
Types of sclerenchyma Sclereids (stone cells) and Fibers
Sclereids or stone cells Irregularly shaped; give gritty texture to fruits like chico and pear
Fibers Elongated cells with tapering ends for structural support
Cork Dead protective tissue containing suberin
Suberin Waxy substance in cork that prevents water and substance entry
Function of cork Protection and waterproofing
Complex permanent tissues Tissues composed of multiple cell types working together
Two kinds of complex permanent tissues Xylem and Phloem
Xylem Transports water and minerals from roots to other plant parts
Direction of xylem transport Upward (roots → leaves)
Cell types in xylem Tracheids, Vessels, Xylem fibers, Xylem parenchyma
Tracheids Elongated cells with tapered ends for water conduction
Vessels Wider, tube-like cells that transport water efficiently
Xylem fibers Provide support to xylem tissue
Xylem parenchyma Stores food and assists in conduction
Phloem Transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant
Direction of phloem transport Downward (leaves → roots)
Cell types in phloem Sieve tubes, Companion cells, Phloem fibers, Phloem parenchyma
Sieve tube elements Elongated cells forming channels for food transport; no nuclei
Companion cells Nucleated cells that assist sieve tubes in food translocation
Phloem fibers Provide support to phloem
Phloem parenchyma Stores food materials
Function of xylem Water and mineral transport
Function of phloem Food (sugar) transport
Main supporting tissues Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma
main kinds of meristematic tissues Apical meristem, Lateral meristem, Intercalary meristem
Created by: user-1909129
 

 



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