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plant cell

QuestionAnswer
Classification of cells based on structure Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Classification of cells based on how they obtain food Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Prokaryotic cell Lacks nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; DNA scattered in cytoplasm; single-celled
Eukaryotic cell Has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; DNA in chromosomes
Examples of prokaryotes Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Examples of eukaryotes Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista
Heterotroph Organism that gets energy by consuming others
Photosynthetic autotroph Uses sunlight to produce food (plants)
Chemosynthetic autotroph Uses inorganic substances for food (certain bacteria)
Main parts of a plant cell Cell wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm
Cell wall Outermost part of plant cell that provides protection and shape
Cell membrane Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that regulates entry and exit of substances
Fluid mosaic model Describes structure of the cell membrane as flexible with proteins floating in lipids
Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance inside cell where organelles are suspended
Nucleus Control center of the cell; contains DNA
Ribosomes Tiny structures that synthesize proteins
Free ribosomes Float freely in cytoplasm
Attached ribosomes Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Network of membranes for transport and synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Has ribosomes; synthesizes proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids
Golgi bodies (Dictyosomes) Modify and package proteins; form glycoproteins
Vesicles Transport materials in and out of the cell
Vacuole Large storage sac filled with cell sap; maintains pressure and stores nutrients
Cell sap Watery fluid with sugars, salts, and amino acids inside the vacuole
Mitochondrion Powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration and ATP production
Cristae Inner membrane folds of mitochondria that increase surface area for reactions
Matrix (mitochondria) Fluid part where ATP is produced
Plastids Organelles for storage and photosynthesis; include leucoplasts, chromoplasts, chloroplasts
Leucoplasts Colorless plastids for storage of starch, oil, or protein
Amyloplasts Store starch
Elaioplasts Store oil
Aleuroplasts Store protein
Chromoplasts Colored plastids that give pigment to flowers and fruits
Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton Fibrous network that maintains cell shape and aids movement
General function of nucleus DNA and RNA synthesis; controls all cell activities
General function of ribosomes Protein synthesis
General function of rough ER Protein synthesis and transport
General function of smooth ER Lipid synthesis
General function of Golgi apparatus Modification, packaging, and transport of macromolecules
General function of vacuoles Storage and maintaining water balance
General function of mitochondria Convert food energy into ATP
General function of chloroplasts Convert light energy into chemical energy (sugars)
General function of cytoskeleton Maintains cell shape and moves organelles
General function of cell wall Support and protection
Difference between plant and animal cells Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole; animal cells do not
Centrioles in plant cells Absent in most plants
Cilia and flagella in plants Absent in flowering plants; present in ferns and bryophytes
Created by: user-1909129
 

 



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