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Patrice Buckley
Anatomy weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define anatomy and physiology. | Anatomy is the study of the body's structure, while physiology is the study of how those structures function. |
| What are the four primary tissue types in the human body? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. |
| What are the three main body planes? Describe each. | Sagittal: divides the body into left and right sections Frontal (Coronal): divides the body into anterior and posterior sections Transverse: divides the body into superior and inferior sections |
| What are the two major body cavities? What subdivisions are within each? | Dorsal: Cranial and vertebral cavities Ventral: Thoracic (pleural, mediastinum) and abdominopelvic (abdominal, pelvic) cavities. |
| What is homeostasis? | Homeostasis si the maintenance of a stable internal environment that is cruicial for the survival of cells and the organism. |
| What are the main functions of the epithelial tissue? | protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception. |
| Name the different types of epithelial tissue and give an example of where each can be found in the body. | Simple squamous; air sacs of lungs Simple cuboidal: kidney tubules Simple columnar: lining of the stomach Stratified squamous: epidermis of the skin Transitional: lining of the urinary bladder Pseudostratified columnar: lining of the trachea |
| Name the different types of connective tissue and givea an example of where each can be found in the body. | Connective tissue: under skin (loose), tendons (dense) Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage): ends of long bones (hyaline), ear (elastic), intervertebral discs (fibrocartilage). Bone: skeleton Blood: blood vessels |
| Name the layers of the epidermis. | Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production (hematpoiesis), triglyceride storage. |
| Name the different bone shapes and give an example of each. | Long: Femur Short: carpals Flat: sternum Irregular: vertebrae Sesamoid: patella |
| What is the difference between osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts? | Osteoblasts are bone forming cells, osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix, and osteoclasts are bone-resorting cells that break down bone tissue. |
| What are the major regions of the axial skeleton? | Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
| What are the different types of vertebrae, and how many of each are there? | Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused), coccygeal (4 fused) |
| What are the major regions of the appendicular skeleton? | Pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs |
| What are the three types of joints based on structure? Give an example of each type. | Fibrous: sutures of the skull Cartilaginous: intervertebral discs Synovial: knee joint |
| What are the different types of synovial joints? | Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket. |
Created by:
pBuckley