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Govt 392
citizenship and what not
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the transatlantic slave trade is an example of | forced international migration |
| European indentured servitude, Indian indentured servitude (coolies), and Chinese indentured servitude | bonded/ contracted international and sometimes internal migration |
| Universalism vs. Particularism | Universalism emphasizes equal rights for all humans; particularism prioritizes rights and belonging tied to specific communities or nations. |
| Inclusion and Exclusion | Citizenship both includes some and excludes others; it’s a boundary-making practice. |
| Formal vs. Substantive Citizenship | Formal: Legal membership in a state. Substantive: The actual enjoyment of rights, participation, and belonging. |
| Unitary Model of Citizenship | Citizenship tied to a single nation-state with uniform rights and identity. |
| Disaggregated Model of Citizenship | Citizenship understood as a set of distinct dimensions (e.g., rights, status, belonging) that can be distributed differently |
| Legal Status | Membership recognized by law (nationality, naturalization, birthright) |
| Rights | Civil, political, social, and human rights. |
| (Political) Participation | Involvement in decision-making and governance |
| Belonging | Emotional, cultural, and social attachment |
| Identity | Self- and group-identification with a political community |
| Solidarity | Shared commitment to the collective |
| Jus Soli | Right of the soil”; citizenship by birthplace |
| Jus Sanguinis | “Right of blood”; citizenship by descent |
| Naturalization | Legal process to acquire citizenship |
| Gate-keeping Function | State control over who enters and belongs |
| Opportunity-Enhancing Function | Citizenship as a source of rights and mobility. |
| Differential Mobility | Unequal access to movement based on citizenship |
| Monopolization of the Legitimate Means of Movement | States controlling mobility via borders and documentation |
| Nation-State / Statist Conceptions | Citizenship tied to national sovereignty and territorial borders |
| Postnational Challenges | Globalization, migration, and human rights norms challenge the state-centric model. |
| Westphalian Idea of the State | Sovereign, territorially bounded state system |
| Liberalism | Emphasizes individual rights, freedom, and equality |
| Freedom as Non-Interference | Freedom from external constraints |
| Civic Republicanism | Emphasizes active participation and common good |
| is civic republicanism or liberalism; Freedom as Non-Interference | liberalism |
| is Freedom as Non-Domination, and Freedom as Collective Self-Government; civic republicanism or liberalism | civic republicanism |
| Equality | Equal status, opportunity, and treatment |
| Self-rule / Self-protection | Citizen participation in governance and defense of rights |
| Civic Virtue | Duty to contribute to the political community |
| Public vs. Private Spheres | Citizenship often defined by participation in the “public” realm |
| Gender-Neutral | Equal treatment without gender distinctions |
| Gender-Differentiated | Recognizing gender-specific needs/roles |
| Gender-Pluralist | Embracing diversity of gender identities |
| False Universalism | Claiming neutrality while reflecting male norms |
| Disembodied vs. Embodied Citizen | Abstract “universal” citizen vs. recognition of lived, embodied experiences. |
| Care | Emphasizing care work as part of citizenship and political life |
| Performative Citizenship | Citizenship enacted through practices and claims |
| Claims-Making / Acts of Citizenship | Actions through which people assert rights or belonging |
| Political Struggle | Contestation over who is included and what citizenship means |
| Documentation of Identity / Identity Documents | Mechanisms of inclusion/exclusion |
| Internal Foreigners | Groups legally inside the state but treated as outsiders |
| Passports and Documentation | Tools to control international movement |
| Production of Illegality | How laws create categories of “illegal” persons. |
| “Revolving Door” | Cycles of deportation and re-entry. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | First major U.S. law excluding immigrants based on race |
| Racial Restrictions | First major U.S. law excluding immigrants based on race |
| Racialized Control of Mobility | Differential treatment of racial groups |
| Subject vs. Citizen (British Empire) | Subjects owed allegiance but lacked full rights. |
| Alien (UK context | Non-citizens without full rights |
| Race-less vs. Race-ful Citizenship | Ideals of neutrality vs. racially structured reality. |
| Colonialism | System where one power dominates another territory, often denying full citizenship to colonized people |
| Neocolonialism | Ongoing control through economic or political influence after formal decolonization |
| Sovereignty | The authority of a state to govern itself and control its borders |
| Prevailing View of Sovereignty | States have ultimate authority within their borders |
| Co-Sovereignty | Shared or negotiated sovereignty between states or groups |
| Decolonization | The process of ending colonial rule and reclaiming self-determination |
| Corrective Justice | Efforts to address past injustices of colonialism or exclusion |
| Political Community | The collective body of citizens linked by shared membership |
| Interconnection | Recognition that citizenship is shaped by global relationships. |
| Political Agency | The ability to act politically and influence change |
Created by:
Zariii