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Ameena McCoullum
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Anatomy and name it's two main subdivision | Anatomy is the study of body structure. It's main branches are gross (macroscopic anatomy, which examines structure visible to the eye, and microscopic anatomy, which includes cytology (Cells) and histology (tissues). |
| What is the correct anatomical position? | The body stands upright, facing, forward, arms at sides with palms facing anteriorly, feel parallel. |
| Identify the three major planes of section used in anatomical study. | Sagittal (left/right), coronal or frontal (front/back), and transverse(superior/inferior) planes. |
| List the major body cavities and one organ found in each | Cranial Cavity: brain Thoracic cavity: Lungs or heart Abdominopelvic cavity: stomach or bladder |
| Name the four abdominal quadrants and describe what each generally contains | Right upper (RUQ): liver, gallbladder Left upper (LUQ): stomach, spleen Right lower (RLQ): appendix, cecum Left lower(LLQ): sigmoid colon. left ovary |
| Which organelles are part of a typical human cell and what is their anatomical structure? | Nucleus: spherical center holding DNA Mitochondria: ova with inner folds (cristae) Endoplasmic reticulum: network of membranes (rough= with ribosomes, sooth = without) |
| What is the main structural difference between cilia and microvilli? | Cilia are longer, hair-like projections that move substances; Microvilli are short, dense folds that increase surface area. |
| Identify the basic structure unit of all living organisms | The cell is the smallest anatomical unit of life. |
| Name the four main tissues types and state their structural hallmark. | epithelial: tightly packed cells forming sheets Connective: scattered cells in extracellular Muscle: elongated fibers (cells) nervous: neurons with long projections |
| Describe the arrangement of simple versus stratified epithelium tissue. | Simple epithelium has a single cell layer, stratified has multiple layers for protection |
| Which epithelial type forms the outer layer of the skin? | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| What is the primary structural difference between bone and cartilage? | Bone has a calcified, mineralized matrix; Cartilage has a firm but flexible matrix with chondrocytes in lacunae. |
| Identify the main structural layers of the skin from deep to superficial | Hypodermis -> Dermis -> Epidermis |
| Name 5 epidermal strata (from deep to superficial | Stratum basale spinosum granulosum lucidum (only in thick skin) corneum |
| What is osteons, and where are the found? | Osteons (Haversian systems) are cylindrical structural units of compact bone, containing concentric lamellae around a central canal |
| Differentiate between long, short, flat, and irregular bones with examples | Long: Femur Short: carpals Flat: sternum Irregular: Vertebrae |
| What are fontanels, and what is their anatomical purpose in infants? | soft membranous gaps between cranial bones allowing skull compression and brain growth before ossification. |
| Name the major divisions of the axial skeleton | Skull vertebral column thoracic cage |
| Identify two bones the compose the pectoral (shoulder) girdle | Clavicle scapula |
| Describe the basic anatomical structure of a synovial joint | A joint capsule enclosing a synovial cavity lined with synovial membrane and containing articular cartilage covering bone ends |
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amccoullum