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Iseel Espinoza

Anatomy Week 1-6

QuestionAnswer
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system? Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (mainly calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell production (hematopoiesis) in the red bone marrow.
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton? The axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
Which type of bone tissue forms the outer layer of bones, and what is its function? Compact bone. it provides strength, support, and resistance to stress.
What is the microscopic structural unit of compact bone? The osteon. a cylindrical unit containing a central canal, concentric lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi.
What is the difference between osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts? Osteoblasts build new bone. Osteocytes maintain bone tissue. Osteoclasts break down bone for remodeling and calcium release.
Which vitamin and hormones are most important for calcium regulation in bone? Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin—they regulate calcium absorption, release, and deposition in bones.
What are the five layers of the epidermis (from deep to superficial)? Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (in thick skin only), and stratum corneum.
What type of cells in the skin produce melanin, and what is their function? Melanocytes. they produce melanin to protect the skin from uv radiation damage.
What are the main functions of the integumentary system? Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, and prevention of water loss.
What are the main types of bones based on shape? Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. long bones aid movement, while flat bones protect organs.
What is keratinization, and why is it important? the process by which epidermal cells move upward, fill with keratin, die, and form the tough, protective outer layer of the skin. It helps prevent water loss and protects against injury and infection.
Created by: iseel26
 

 



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