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Lungs and Thorax
Health Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the greatest risk factor for lung cancer? | Smoking |
| What are examples of subjective data during lung assessment? | Chest pain, Hx of smoking, shortness of breath |
| What are examples of objective data during lung assessment? | Sounds, rate, depth |
| Lung sounds with COPD | Wheezes |
| Lung sounds with asthma | Wheezes |
| Lung sounds with foreign body airway obstruction | Stridor |
| Lung sounds with pneumonia | Crackles |
| Lung sounds with pneumothorax | decreased or absent |
| Lung sounds with congestive heart failure | crackles |
| Lung sounds during immediate newborn period | fine crackles |
| What muscles are utilized during a normal breath cycle? | Diaphragm and intercostals |
| Describe vesicular breath pattern | low, soft w/ inspiration being longer than expiration ; sounds expected over peripheral lung fields |
| Describe bronchial breath pattern | high pitched, loud with inspiration being shorter that expiration. sounds expected over trachea and larynx |
| Describe bronchovesicular breath pattern | moderate, inspiration = expiration, heard over main bronchi and around sternum |
| Sputum characteristic in lung cancer | rust colored |
| sputum characteristics in TB | rust colored |
| sputum characteristics in Pulmonary edema | pink, frothy |
| sputum characteristics in croup | barking cough, not sputum production |
| Describe the costal angle. What is an anticipated finding? How might this change with disease processes? | usually less than 90 degrees. It might widen With COPD or pregnancy |
| Describe the anatomy of the lungs. | Right lung has upper, middle, and lower lobe, Left lung has upper and lower lobes |
| Describe the correct technique when auscultating the lungs | Have pt breathe through mouth. Listen to locations on each side to compare |
| What assessment findings would you anticipate in a patient in respiratory distress? | increased RR ,head bobbing , retractions, Cyanosis, flaring nostrils , restlessness ,anxiety |
| What lung conditions might change the symmetry of the chest on inspection? | Pneumothorax, Pneumonia, thoracic trauma |
| Describe the anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter. | AP:T ratio compares lateral size of chest to anterior side of chest |
| What is a normal AP:T finding? | 1:2 |
| What disease processes might change the AP:T ratio? | Emphysema might cause someone to be "barrel chested" which is a 1:1 ratio |
| Describe crepitus | A coarse crackling sensation palpable over skin surface |
| What causes crepitus | air escapes from lung into subq tissue |
| What disease process might you find crepitus | Subcutaneous empthysema |
| Technique for inspection of lungs | observe rate, rhythm, depth, effort, skin color, listen to breathing, shape of chest |
| Technique for palpation of lungs | symmetric expansion, tactile fremitus, palpate entire chest wall |
| Technique for percussion of lungs | percuss in interspaces, side to side |
| Technique for auscultation of lungs | 9 places on each side of posterior chest, 5 places on each side of anterior chest |
| Etiology of barrel chest | COPD, hyperinflation of lungs |
| Etiology of kyphosis | aging, exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine |
Created by:
julie.russell