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AP Gov Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does America as a Melting Pot mean? | America is a place where a variety of people, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole - because of immigration |
| What does minority majority mean? | An emergence of a non-Caucasian majority - more minorities like Asians and Latin Americans |
| What is the Graying of America? | Baby boomers are hitting retirement age |
| What is the census and how often does it occur? | A population count occurring every 10 years |
| Why is the census important? | Reapportionment (redistribution of House of Reps. seats) |
| Why is information about people's backgrounds important? | Public opinion (the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and political issues) |
| What ideology does the Democratic party mainly follow? | Liberal |
| What ideology does the Republican party mainly follow? | Conservative |
| What is the process of how you get an ideology? | Political socialization |
| What is globalization? | The process of an ever-expanding and interactive world economy |
| What is the idea that every country influences each other's economies? | Globalization |
| What is the idea of help provided to people in need? | Social Welfare |
| What is the minimum level of income deemed inadequate in a particular country? | Poverty Line |
| What are benefits given by the government directly to individuals? | Transfer payments |
| What are examples of transfer payments? | Cash via social security/retirement, food stamps, etc. |
| What accounts for 2/3 of the federal budget? | Social welfare and transfer payments |
| What is a program giving benefits based on guaranteed rights to anyone who is eligible? | Entitlement programs |
| What kind of program gives benefits to people considered poor? | Means-tested programs |
| What kind of program are the following: Medicare, Social Security, Unemployment Insurance? | Entitlement |
| What kind of program are the following: Medicaid, CHIPS, SNAP, TANF, SSI? | Means-tested |
| What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid? | Medicare gives health insurance to any elderly person, while medicaid gives health coverage to people with limited income and resources |
| How do common people get health coverage? | Private health insurance plans through employers or individually |
| What ideology/ideologies support(s) government programs to help people or specifically healthcare? | Liberals |
| What ideology/ideologies support(s) expensive government programs to help people? | Liberals |
| What ideology/ideologies believe private companies can do a better job at providing social services? | Conservatives and Libertarians |
| Who makes monetary policy? | Federal Reserve System ("Fed") |
| What is monetary policy? | The regulation of money supply |
| How does the "Fed" regulate money supply? | Bonds, reserve requirements, discount rates |
| What is the devaluation of the dollar called? | Inflation |
| Who's job is it control inflation? | The federal reserve |
| Which specific people within the Federal Reserve decide on monetary policy? | Seven "governors" appointed by the President, they make decisions non-politically |
| What is Fiscal Policy? | The federal budget that Congress and the President make every year |
| What is Keynesian economics? | The government should keep the economy by increasing spending |
| Who believes in Keynesian economics and Supply Side economics? | Liberals and Conservatives, respectively |
| Based on keynesian economics, what should the government spend money on to help the economy? | Stimulus packages and government subsidies |
| What is supply side economics? | Tax cuts for business and individuals |
| According to supply side economics, how will tax cuts improve the economy? | People will spend more and business will be bigger with less taxes, thereby increasing government revenue |
| What allows income tax? | 16th Amendment |
| Which ideology believes in taxing the rich and incentives and tax breaks for environmental help? | Liberals |
| Which ideology believes in tax incentives for traditional values, spend on military more? | Conservatives |
| Which ideology believes that the government shouldn’t coerce people to do anything, including paying taxes? | Libertarians |
| How do we measure public opinion? | Polls |
| What is the importance of polls? | They help with popular sovereignty by telling the government what the people want |
| What kind of poll is used to gather information about people's views? | Benchmark polls |
| What kind of poll asks people similar questions over time to track the path of opinion? | Tracking polls |
| What kind of poll is asked when going into/leaving a voting place? | Entrance and Exit polls, respectively |
| What kind of poll involves a biased question designed to change your mind? | Push polls |
| What kind of poll gathers information through a conversation? | Focus groups |
| What does it mean to have a nonbiased question in a good, scientific poll? | Properly worded and ordered, wording should be objective |
| What does it mean to have a representative sample in a good, scientific poll? | A large and random sample that correctly represents everyone and everyone has the same chance of being selected for it |
| What does sampling error/margin of error mean in a good, scientific poll? | Two different samples will have plus/minus <4% variation |
| What are characteristics of a good, scientific poll? | Nonbiased questions, a representative sample and a low margin of error |
| What is the bandwagon effect? | A shift of support to a candidate or position because others believe in them |
| What is social desirability bias? | Voters tell the pollster what the pollster wants to hear |
| What core value is about the government being restricted by the people and the law? | Limited government |
| What core value is about everyone having an equal chance to succeed? | Equality of Opportunity |
| What core value is about the law being equal to everyone? | Rule of law |
| What core value is about private businesses competing without control? | Free Enterprise |
| What core value focuses on the importance of the individual? | Individualism |
| What system of tax increases tax rate percentages as the amount that can be taxed increased? | Progressive taxes |
| What system of tax has the same tax rate percentage for everyone? | Flat taxes |
| What system of tax has the same tax amount but different percentage and takes more tax from low-income individuals? | Regressive taxes |
| What is the idea of controlling the supply of money as the main way to stabilize the economy? | Monetarism |
| What are a few factors of political socialization? | Media, family, peers |
| What do polls influence? | Elections, Policy Debates, Public Opinion |
Created by:
agastyad