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BD chap 8 (eat+sleep
test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| key driver is anxiety. Eating a full day's worth of calories in a two hour period. May be associated with guilt, shame, or regret or particularly stressful times. May hide it from family. Need to be bingeing regularly to be a disorder | binge eating |
| Binges accompanied by compensatory behaviors like purging, excessive exercise, fasting or food restriction. most are within 10% of normal body weight. overly concerned with body shape, fear of gaining weight, usually have a comorbid psych disorder | bulimia nervosa |
| majority are women (90%), relatively common in men in sports like wrestling, incidence in men increasing (0.8% bulimia, 2.9% BED), 6-7% of college women suffer, onset typically in adolescence, tends to be chronic if untreated | Bulimia nervosa: facts and stats |
| Restriction of calorie intake below energy requirements, intense fear of weight gain w/ body image distortion. Restricting and binge-eating -purging(perception of binge eating-usually means half a carrot etc.) | anorexia nervosa |
| Becomes very hard to treat because effect body and brain function. Starving body borrows energy from internal organs, leading to organ damage, including cardiac damage. Most deadly mental disorder due to physical consequences and suicide risk | anorexia nervosa-associated medical features |
| 70% of people with anorexia are depressed at some point. Have higher rates of substance misuse and OCD-sometimes shows up as fear of vomiting and therefore not eating. Biggest thing is control-need to find something in their life to control | anorexia nervosa-comorbid psychological disorders |
| majority white and female. from middle- upper middle class families. Usually develops around early adolescence. More chronic and resistant than bulimia. Lifetime prevalence approx. 1%. Develops in non-Western women after they move to western countries | anorexia nervosa: facts and statistics |
| characterized by binge eating without associated compensatory behaviors. Associated with distress and/or functional impairment. Excessive concern with weight or shape may or may not be present. better response to treatment than other eating disorders | binge eating disorder (BED) |
| CBT-principal focus is on the distorted evaluation of body shape and weight and on maladaptive attempts to control weight in the form of strict dieting and compensatory activities. Antidepressants can help reduce bingeing and purging behaviors | treatment for bulimia nervosa |
| previously used medications for obesity are now not recommended. Use CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy which are both effective. Self help techniques are effective. focus on interpersonal stress and how they may cause you stress | treatment of binge eating disorder |
| step 1 is always to get weight in a healthy range. psychoeducation-working on becoming comfortable in body, behavioral and cognitive interventions-target food, weight, body image, thought, and emotion. Treatment with family is most effective for teens. | treatment of anorexia nervosa |
| often focus on promoting body acceptance in adolescent girls. Identify people who may be at increased risk-early weight concerns. screening for at-risk groups. Provide education. Recognize that media is designed to reinforce unrealistic bodies. | preventing eating disorders |
| defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. Not DSM disorder but associated with some disorders. For first time, there are more people overweight in the world than underweight-40% in US in 2023. mortality rates associated with those of smoking. growing rapidly | obesity |
| consume >1/3 of daily calories after dinner. Get out of bed at least once during the night for a high-calorie snack. Often not hungry the next morning and skip breakfast | night eating disorder |
| tech advances-promotes inactive, sedentary lifestyle. Genetics account for about 30% of variation in obesity. More likely to be obese if people in close social circles are also obese. Food that is bad for you is much cheaper than food that is healthy. | causes and correlates of obesity |
| 1. self directed weight loss programs (diet cookbooks). 2. commercial self-help programs (weight watchers). 3. behavior modification programs. Bariatric surgery. Much more recently, GLP-1 receptor agonists ex. ozempic. -mod. successful for individual | obesity treatment |
| sleep disruption is not just a symptom of psychological disorders. Can increase risk for diff. disorders, diff. disorders can also lead to disruptions in sleep. Chronotype: morning vs. evening type-can be disrupted by environmental influences (ex.work) | general info |
| social jetlag: repeated changing of daily schedule because of social factors-can lead to dramatically different sleep-wake times on weekdays vs weekends, may be seen in adolescents, associated with sleep problems and health problems | general info |
| electroencephalograph (EEG)-brainwaves, electrooculograph (EOG)- eye movements, electromyography (EMG)-muscle movement. Detailed history, assessment of sleep hygiene and sleep efficiency. | polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation |
| wearable device sensitive to movement-can detect different stages of wakefulness/sleep-now built into apple watches | actigraph |
| difficulties in amount, quality, or timing of sleep. | dyssomnias |
| abnormal behavioral and physiological events during sleep. | parasomnias |
| problems initiating/maintaining sleep-initial: trouble falling asleep, middle: waking up in the middle of the night, terminal: waking up in the morning before you need to. 15% of adults report daytime sleepiness | insomnia |
| often associated with medical and/or physiological conditions-anxiety, depression, substance use. Affects females twice as often as males. Have unrealistic expectations about sleep and lots of time cause their own sleep issues with anxieties | facts and statistics of insomnia |
| characterized by sleeping too much and experience excessive sleepiness as a problem. Often associated with other medical and/or psychological conditions such as depression. | hypersomnolence disorder |
| recurrent intense need for sleep, lapses into sleep, or napping. Instantly fall asleep in the middle of activity-cataplexy. Affects about .03 to .16% of the population. slightly more common among males. Onset in adolescence | narcolepsy |
| airflow stops, but respiratory system works. associated with age and obesity | obstructive sleep apnea |
| respiratory systems stop for brief periods | central sleep apnea (CSA) |
| decreasing breathing during sleep not better explained by another sleep disorder | sleep-related hypoventilation |
| people with breathing disorders may be minimally aware of it. Often snore, sweat during sleep, wake frequently. May have morning headaches. fall asleep during the day. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs in 10-20% of the population, more common in males | part 2 breathing related disorders |
| disturbed sleep brought on by the brain's inability to synchronize it's sleep patterns with the current patterns of day and night. light exposure affects suprachiasmatic nucleus which stimulates melatonin and regulates sense of day and night | circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder |
| recurrent episodes of panic-like symptoms during non-REM sleep. More common in children (6%) than adults | sleep terrors |
| more common in children than adults, problem usually resolves on its own without treatment. Seems to run in families (genetics, not modeling) | sleepwalking |
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