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Vett 117 wk 7
Clin Path 1 wk 7 parasitology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which term describes an organism that serves as an intermediate host for a parasite? | biological vector |
| Which taxonomic order has mouth parts designed for biting and chewing? | Mallophaga |
| Which type of preparation is the best to use for visualizing protozoal trophozoites? | Direct smear |
| Which structure of arachnids consists of recurved teeth that maintain attachment to the host and allow for the flow of saliva to the host and blood from the host? | Hypostome |
| Which test can differentiate between Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum? | Modified Knott test |
| How should fecal samples be handled when they cannot be assessed within a few hours? | Combined with equal parts 10% formulin |
| Which technique is most useful to detect blood-borne parasites in red blood cells? | Thin blood smear |
| What is the most likely species present in a patient with a large opening on the skin and with apparent parasite larvae in the wound? | Callitroga hominivorax |
| Which tick can become established indoors and in kennels? | Rhipicephalus sanguineus |
| Which term refers to a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected? | Commensalism |
| What is the best method to recover ova from flukes in a fecal sample? | fecal sedimentation |
| Which parasite ova is rarely observed in a fecal flotation due to the high specific gravity of the eggs? | flukes |
| What is the best preservative for samples collected from the digestive tract at necropsy? | 10% formalin |
| Which of the following is the most common sucking louse in dogs? | Linognathus setosus |
| 1. What structure of arachnids consists of recurved teeth that maintain attachment to the host and allow for the flow of saliva to the host and blood from the host? | Hypostome |
| Mobile digits adapted for cutting | chelicerae |
| Life cycle stages | Egg, larva, nymph, and adult |
| What species of fleas carry the parasite Dipylidium caninum? | Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis |
| Fleas | laterally compressed, wingless insects w/legs adapted for jumping, saliva is antigenic and irritating, flea bite dermatitis or miliary dermatitis |
| Taxonomic order of Fleas | Siphonaptera; blood sucking parasites, causes pruritic and hypersensitivity |
| fleas | |
| Fleas of dogs and cats | Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis |
| What species is dorsoventrally flattened, wingless insect with clawed appendages to grasp the host hairs? | lice |
| Three body parts of lice | Head that includes mouthparts and antennae; Thorax which includes 3 pairs of legs, no wings; Abdomen which includes reproductive organs |
| What taxonomic order has mouth parts designed for biting and chewing? | Mallophaga |
| What is the most common sucking louse in dogs? | Linognathus setosus |
| Characteristics of Mallophaga lice | biting and chewing; move rapidly over host; broad rounded head; feed on epithelial debris; smaller than sucking lice; generally yellow in color |
| What is the taxonomic order that has mouth parts for sucking? | Anoplura – sucking |
| Characteristics of Lice in Anoplura | Sucking mouth parts; are larger; long narrow heads; feed on blood and move slowly on host; red to gray color |
| Lice are host/species specific | True, lice are species specific |
| Method of transmission for Lice | Direct Contact |
| Louse infestation | Pediculosis – more severe in young, old, and poorly nourished animals |
| Diagnosis of Pediculosis | Pediculosis (louse infestation) is diagnosed through examination of hair coat or feathers; use magnifying lens, grasp lice or nits with a forceps and place in drop of mineral oil. ID beyond order is difficult but unnecessary |
| 5. What is the term to describe fly larvae that develop in the tissue or organs of the host? | |
| Taxonomic Order for Flies | Diptera, a large complex order of insects |
| How many wings do flies have | one pair of wings, is the origin of name: di- =2 and -ptera = wings |
| Mouth part adaptations for flies | Mouthparts are adapted for sponging or piercing and sucking |
| What kind of harm can flies produce in their hosts? | painful bites, blood sucking, hypersensitive reactiosn, deposit eggs in sores, and warbles |
| Periodic parasites | Flies can act as vectors and intermediate hosts to other pathogenic agents. They are periodic parsites making frequent visits to the host to feed on blood |
| What is myiasis | when dipteran (fly) larvae develop in tissues or organs of vertebrate hosts |
| 6. What is the vector for the causative agent of bluetongue? | Biting midges (“no-see-ums”) Culicoides sp. – small flies with painful bites, females suck blood. |
| Biting midges Culicoides sp | Cause allergic dermatitis and transmit helminths, protozoa, and viruses |
| Biting midges Culicoides sp in horses | horses may be allergic. Cause scratching, rubbing, alopecia, excoriations, and thickening of skin |
| Blackflies or buffalo gnats—genus Simulium, have a characteristic humped back | |
| Black flies/buffalo gnats produce similar harm as no-see-ums | In great numbers can exsanguinate a host |
| Black flies/buffalo gnats eggs | females lay eggs in well aerated water |
| Black flies/buffalo gnats | May keep cattle from grazing or cause stampedes. Ears, neck, head, & abdomen are favorite feeding sites |
| Sandflies – Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia spp | Mothlike flies known mostly for their role in transmission of leishmaniasis and viral diseases |
| Which sex of the sandflies suck blood | females suck blood |
| Muscid flies | housefly, the face fly, the horn fly, and stable fly. House and face flies do not suck blood but are annoying because they are attracted to feces and secretions |
| Muscid flies are intermediate hosts for what | Act as intermediate hosts for spirurid parasties and transmit bacteria |
| Muscid flies | |
| Horn flies and stable flies inflict | painful bites and suck blood |
| Horn flieslive | most of life on cattle |
| Stable flies live | stay on host for short time to eat blood meals. An outdoor fly; only enters barns in late fall and during rain |
| Muscid flies spread what | Bacterial and viral disease to cattle and horses |
| Muscid flies serve as Intermediate host for what | Stomach worm of horses (Habronema) |
| Stable flies have what on their head | Bayonet-like proboscis protruding from the head inst4ad of sponging mouth parts |
| Large numbers of stable flies can | Attack dairy cattle and decrease milk production; cause beef cattle to not graze |
| Stable flies which sex feeds on host | Both male and females are avid blood feeders, feed on any domestic animal |
| Stable flies may also attack the tips of dog ears called what | fly strike |
| Stomoxys calcitrans | Stable fly, similar in size to the common house fly |
| Musca domestica | common house fly, has sponging mouth parts |
| Deer and Horse flies | |
| Sheep keds | |
| What are the only primary invaders of living tissue in North America? | The larvae of Callitroga hominivorax and Wohlfahrtia opaca |
| 7. What insects are the most voracious blood feeders and are the intermediate hosts for Dirofilaria immitis? | mosquitos |
| 3 types of mosquitos discussed | Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex |
| 8. What parasite is most likely found on a skin scraping from a dog presented with severe itching, hair loss, and a thickened scaly appearance to the skin? | Sarcoptic mange S.scabiei |
| 9. What species of mites is commonly described as appearing like walking dandruff? | Cheyletiella Ectoparasites include insects and arachnids. Immature and/or larval stages of nematodes and some adult stages may parasitize an animal’s skin or SQ tissues. |
| Insects that parasitize animals are the orders: | Hemiptera, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Diptera, and Siphonaptera. |
| Infestation by lice | pediculosis |
| Infestation by dipterans/flies | myiasis |
| Infestation by fleas | siphonapterosis |
| Infestation by mites or tick | acariasis |
| Ticks are either hard or soft . | |
| Sarcoptiform mites burrow into epidermis | sarcoptic or demodex. |
| Psoroptidae mites | Nonburrowing mites survive on the surface of the skin. Chapter 31: Sample Collection & Handling Read pages 206-212 in Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Answer the following written assignment questions: |
| 1. What is the most common method of detecting parasites of the internal organs from an animal’s body? | |
| 2. What is the best method to collect feces for evaluation of a herd of cows for parasites? | |
| 3. How should fecal samples be handled when they cannot be assessed within a few hours of collection? | |
| 4. What is the most common diagnostic test used in evaluating animals with suspected ectoparasites? | |
| 5. What angle to the skin should the scalpel blade be held when performing a skin scraping? | |
| 6. What is the best collection method for evaluation of a patient with suspected sarcoptic mange? | |
| 7. What is the best method to collect a sample from a cat with suspected Cheyletiella? | |
| 8. What is the best preservative for samples collected from the digestive tract during a necropsy? Chapter 32: Diagnostic Techniques Read pages 213-226 in Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Listen/watch the week 7 PowerPoint Presentat | |
| 1. What type of test relies on the specific gravity of the life cycle stages of the parasites found in feces? | |
| 2. What parasite ova is rarely seen in a fecal flotation due to the high specific gravity of the eggs? | |
| 3. What test method is used to recover the larvae from a fecal sample? | |
| 4. What test method is most useful to detect blood-borne parasites in red blood cells? | |
| 5. What test can differentiate between Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum infection in dogs? | |
| 6. What term describes a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected? | |
| 7. What term describes an organism that serves as an intermediate host for a parasite? |
Created by:
shawamber