IBS(Spastic Colon) Causes

Laxative abuse, coffee, raw fruits/veggies, lactose intolerance, hormonal changes(menstruation)

Signs and sx of IBS. How is the pain relieved?

Lower ab pain relieved by defecation or flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, small stools with mucus.

IBS treatment diet, and more

Fluid replenishment, high protein low residue diet, food diary, and bed rest to reduce peristalsis.

IBD causes and age ranges

No single cause, or genetics. 15-25 or55-65 in UC,15-40 with Crohns

CBC, H and H, barium enema colonoscopy, ESR, and electrolytes

Complications of IBD include

abscess, fissures, perforations, bowel obstruction, fistulas, colorectal cancers, pancreatitis, toxic megacolon

Crohns disease areas effected and signs

Affects any portion of the GI system, terminal ileum is the most commonly affected. Thickened walls and deep ulcerations. Cancer in 15-20 years

Clinical manifestations of crohns disease, wheres the palpable mass? Characteristics of stool?

Severe diarrhea, steatorrhea, rarely bloody, palpable mass RLQ, malabsorption of nutrients and weight loss.

Treatment of crohns disease

Fluid and electrolyte replacement, NPO/TPN during exacerbations, liquid elemental diets absorbed in the jejunum for bowel rest

Ulcerative colitis affected areas and signs

Affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Red edematous ulcers, 10-20 bloody diarrheas per day. Also causes weight loss.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

Reduction of GI bleeding, fluid replenishment, perineal skin care with mild soap/water, sitz baths, mineral oil, petroleum jelly.

What are stoma's characteristics initially

Dark green loose with some blood. Volume then decreases to a paste like yellowish green or brown

What is a diverticulum

Sac like herniations in the lining of the bowel. Happens in the sigmoid colon.

Diet for diverticulitis

2L fluid intake, soft foods increased and fiber with cooked veggies, bulk laxatives and stool softeners.

Causes of bowel obstruction

physical block, vascular insufficiency, or absence of peristalsis

Tx of bowel obstruction

NPO, NG for decompression, fluid replacement, antibiotics

labs for bowelobstruction

Elevated wbc, h and h, bun, and creatinine, decreased NA, K, and Cl

Stool is fluid, or mushy depending on placement, Begins function 3-6 days post op. May require irrigation to establish a pattern.

Stool always fluid, drainage begins 3 days post op appliance worn continously, stool extremely irritating to skin.

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Lower GI

Question	Answer
IBS(Spastic Colon) Causes	Laxative abuse, coffee, raw fruits/veggies, lactose intolerance, hormonal changes(menstruation)
Signs and sx of IBS. How is the pain relieved?	Lower ab pain relieved by defecation or flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, small stools with mucus.
IBS treatment diet, and more	Fluid replenishment, high protein low residue diet, food diary, and bed rest to reduce peristalsis.
IBD causes and age ranges	No single cause, or genetics. 15-25 or55-65 in UC,15-40 with Crohns
How is IBD diagnosed	CBC, H and H, barium enema colonoscopy, ESR, and electrolytes
Complications of IBD include	abscess, fissures, perforations, bowel obstruction, fistulas, colorectal cancers, pancreatitis, toxic megacolon
Crohns disease areas effected and signs	Affects any portion of the GI system, terminal ileum is the most commonly affected. Thickened walls and deep ulcerations. Cancer in 15-20 years
Clinical manifestations of crohns disease, wheres the palpable mass? Characteristics of stool?	Severe diarrhea, steatorrhea, rarely bloody, palpable mass RLQ, malabsorption of nutrients and weight loss.
Treatment of crohns disease	Fluid and electrolyte replacement, NPO/TPN during exacerbations, liquid elemental diets absorbed in the jejunum for bowel rest
Ulcerative colitis affected areas and signs	Affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Red edematous ulcers, 10-20 bloody diarrheas per day. Also causes weight loss.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis	Reduction of GI bleeding, fluid replenishment, perineal skin care with mild soap/water, sitz baths, mineral oil, petroleum jelly.
What are stoma's characteristics initially	Dark green loose with some blood. Volume then decreases to a paste like yellowish green or brown
What is a diverticulum	Sac like herniations in the lining of the bowel. Happens in the sigmoid colon.
How much fiber do u want to eat during a diverticular flare up?	Low fiber
What do patients usually have preceding development of diverticulosis	Chronic constipation
In diverticulitis, where is the severe pain usually located?	LLQ
Diet for diverticulitis	2L fluid intake, soft foods increased and fiber with cooked veggies, bulk laxatives and stool softeners.
Causes of bowel obstruction	physical block, vascular insufficiency, or absence of peristalsis
Tx of bowel obstruction	NPO, NG for decompression, fluid replacement, antibiotics
labs for bowelobstruction	Elevated wbc, h and h, bun, and creatinine, decreased NA, K, and Cl
Colostomy	Stool is fluid, or mushy depending on placement, Begins function 3-6 days post op. May require irrigation to establish a pattern.
Ileostomy	Stool always fluid, drainage begins 3 days post op appliance worn continously, stool extremely irritating to skin.
Normal range of specific gravity of urine	1.005 and 1.030

Created by: nursing2studysets

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