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Week 3 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Therapeutic effects | clinically desirable actions |
| Adverse effects. | undesirable reactions |
| toxic reaction. | the desired effect is excessive |
| side effect. | dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome |
| contraindication | an aspect of a patient's condition that makes the use of a certain drug or therapy an unwise or dangerous decision |
| idiosyncratic reaction. | genetically related abnormal drug response |
| drug allergy. | immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
| interference with natural defense mechanisms. | When a drug reduces the body's ability to fight infections |
| Teratogenic Effect. | Abnormality in fetal development caused by exposure to certain substances such as drugs, chemicals or infections during preganncy |
| Type I hypersensitivity. | Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE antibodies: produce vasodilation, edema, and the inflammatory response. Bronchioles, resulting in anaphylactic shock. Respiratory, results in rhinitis and asthma. Skin results in urticaira. |
| Type II hypersensitivity | IgE or IgM antibodies. Antibody complex is fixed to a circulating blood cell causing lysis. Results in anemia |
| Type III hypersensitivity | Aggregations of antigens and antibodies. Where antibodies outnumber antigens forming clumps: manifested as serum sickness, urticarial, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and fever. |
| Type IV hypersensitivity: | Delayed hypersensitivity: Sensatized T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Manifests as allergic contact dermatitis. poison oak, poison ivy, reaction to jewelry, topical benzocaine, etc... |
| Dyspepsia | General discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen: symptoms of bloating, nausea, and indigestion |
| Stomatitis | A broad term that refers to any inflammation of the mouth and lips including the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof of floor of the mouth |
| oral mucositis | a specific type of stomatitis involving painful inflammation and ulceration s of the mucous membranes in the mouth, most commonly as a side effect of cancer tx like chemotherapy and radiation therapy |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | a rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, typically triggered by a severe reaction to meds or, less commonly, infections |
| Erythema multiforme | an acute immune-mediated skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of distinctive target-like lesions, often triggered by infections or medications. |
| Necrosis | premature death of cells or tissues in the body due to factors like injury, infection, or lack of blood flow |
| Urticaria | commonly known as hives, a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy wells or bumps. |
| Teratogenic | Refers to something that can cause birth defects or harm to a developing baby during preganancy |
| pregnancy trimesters | pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting about three months. |
| Risk to benefit ratio | is a way to compare the potential risks and benefits of a decision or treatment |
| Contraindicated | something, like a medication or treatment, should not be used because it could be harmful in certain situation |
| Lactation | Is the process of producing milk in the breast after childbirth, allowing the mother to feed her baby |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | A condition in babies caused by a mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy. It can lead to physical and mental disabilities, including growth problems, facial abnormalities, and learning disabilities. |
| neonate | a newborn baby-specifically within the first 28 days of life |
| syndactyly | a condition where two or more fingers and toes are fused together, either partially or completely at birth. |
| oligodactyly | a condition where a person is born with fewer than the usual number of fingers and toes |
| spina bifida | a birth defect where the spinal cord doesn't develop properly, leaving a gap in the spine. This can lead to physical and neurological problems |
| jaundice | a condition where the skin and the eyes turn yellow due to a buildup of bilirubin, a substance produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. Often a sign of liver problems. |
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