What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology focuses on how those parts function.

What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

What are the two main body cavities?

The dorsal cavity (includes the cranial and spinal cavities) and the ventral cavity (includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).

What are the four major organic molecules in the human body?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

What are the four main types of tissues?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

To cover and protect body surfaces and line body cavities.

What is the main characteristic of connective tissue?

It has a large amount of extracellular matrix and connects, supports, or binds other tissues.

What are the main layers of the skin?

The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

What type of cells produce melanin, and what is their function?

Melanocytes; they produce melanin, which protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

What is the primary function of sweat glands?

To help regulate body temperature through evaporation and excrete waste products.

What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

The axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).

What is the functional unit of compact bone?

The osteon (or Haversian system).

What is the main function of red bone marrow?

To produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets through hematopoiesis.

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Esse Airekholo

Anatomy weeks 1-5

Question	Answer
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?	Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology focuses on how those parts function.
What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?	Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
What is homeostasis?	Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
What are the two main body cavities?	The dorsal cavity (includes the cranial and spinal cavities) and the ventral cavity (includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).
What are the four major organic molecules in the human body?	Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?	The cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?	Mitochondria produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.
What is diffusion?	Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is osmosis?	Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What are the four main types of tissues?	Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What is the main function of epithelial tissue?	To cover and protect body surfaces and line body cavities.
What is the main characteristic of connective tissue?	It has a large amount of extracellular matrix and connects, supports, or binds other tissues.
What are the main layers of the skin?	The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
What type of cells produce melanin, and what is their function?	Melanocytes; they produce melanin, which protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
What is the primary function of sweat glands?	To help regulate body temperature through evaporation and excrete waste products.
What protein gives the skin its toughness and waterproofing ability?	Keratin
What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?	The axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
What is the functional unit of compact bone?	The osteon (or Haversian system).
What type of bone cell is responsible for bone formation?	Osteoblasts.
What is the main function of red bone marrow?	To produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets through hematopoiesis.

Created by: user-1991047

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