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Western Civilzation

QuestionAnswer
Robert Walpole Often regarded as the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, he played a crucial role in shaping early parliamentary government.
Material and Cultural Exchanges - The Columbian Exchange facilitated the transfer of goods, ideas, and cultures between Europe and the Americas, impacting both continents significantly.
Also known as Pocahontas, her story symbolizes the complex interactions between Native Americans and European settlers, highlighting themes of cultural exchange and conflict.
Commercial Revolution - A period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism that laid the groundwork for modern capitalism.
Ghiberti and Brunelleschi - Key figures in Renaissance architecture and sculpture, known for their contributions to the Florence Cathedral and the Gates of Paradise.
The Ambassadors - A famous painting by Hans Holbein the Younger that exemplifies Renaissance humanism and the use of symbolism in art.
Baroque Art - Characterized by dramatic expression and grandeur, with artists like Rubens and Caravaggio pushing the boundaries of emotional depth in their works.
Divine Right of Kings - A political doctrine that asserts a monarch's legitimacy is conferred directly by God, justifying absolute rule.
Bill of Rights (1689) - An act that limited the powers of the monarchy and outlined the rights of Parliament and individuals, marking a significant step towards constitutional monarchy in England.
Act of Union (1707) - Legislation that unified England and Scotland into Great Britain, impacting political and economic relations in the British Isles.
Absolutism - A form of government where the monarch holds supreme authority, exemplified by Louis XIV, known as the Sun King, who centralized power in France.
Oliver Cromwell - A military and political leader during the English Civil War who led the Parliamentarians to victory and later ruled as Lord Protector.
Heliocentrism - The astronomical model proposed by Copernicus that places the Sun at the center of the universe, challenging the geocentric view.
Isaac Newton - A key figure in the Scientific Revolution known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics.
William Harvey - A physician who discovered the circulation of blood, revolutionizing the understanding of human anatomy.
Sfumato - A painting technique used to create a soft transition between colors, often associated with Leonardo da Vinci.
Chiaroscuro - The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.
Tenebrism - A style of painting characterized by the use of dramatic illumination, often seen in the works of Caravaggio.
Niccolò Machiavelli - An Italian diplomat and philosopher known for his political treatise, *The Prince*, which discusses the use of power and realpolitik.
Medici Family - A powerful banking family in Florence that played a significant role in the patronage of the arts during the Renaissance, influencing artists like Michelangelo and Botticelli.
Galileo Galilei - An astronomer who championed heliocentrism and faced opposition from the Catholic Church for his support of the Copernican theory.
Created by: user-1991039
 

 



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