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P2Cardiology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Coronary arteries are fed during: | Diatole |
| Blood entering the left atrium arrives via the: | Pulmonary veins |
| Blood is pushed to the pulmonary circuit from the heart by the: | Right ventricle |
| Blood is pumped out of the heart to the body by the: | Aorta |
| As blood enters the heart, it travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the: | Tricuspid valve |
| A blood cell travels from the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve and into the: | Right ventricle |
| A blood cell travels from the right ventricle, through the pulmonic valve, and out into the: | Pulmonary artery |
| As oxygenated blood enters the heart, it travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the: | Bicuspid valve |
| A blood cell travels from the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the: | Left ventricle |
| A blood cell travels from the left ventricle, through the aortic valve, and out into the: | Aorta |
| Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart via the: | Pulmonary veins |
| What prevents the back flow of blood in the heart? | Chordae Tendineae |
| The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the: | Tricuspid valve |
| The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: | Mitral valve |
| The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is the: | Aortic valve |
| The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the: | Pulmonic valve |
| What muscles is the ventricles attach to the chordae tendineae? | Papillary |
| Which coronary artery feeds the anterior wall of the left ventricle? | Left anterior descending |
| Which coronary artery feeds the inferior wall of the heart? | Right coronary artery |
| Which coronary artery feeds the left lateral wall of the heart? | Left circumflex |
| A blockage of which of the following would result in the entire left ventricle not receiving blood supply? | Left main coronary artery |
| Which part of the heart is considered the weakest? | Right atrium |
| Which part of the heart contains the most muscle? | Left ventricle |
| Leads II, III, and aVF look at what part of the heart? | Inferior |
| Leads V5 and V6 look at what part of the heart? | Lower left lateral |
| Leads I and aVL look at what part of the heart? | Higher left lateral |
| Leads V1 and V2 look at what par of the heart? | Septal |
| Leads V3 and V4 look at what part of the heart? | Anterior |
| A premature ectopic beat that presents with an upright P wave and a narrow QRS complex would be a: | Premature Atrial Contraction |
| A premature ectopic beat that presents with an inverted P wave and a narrow QRS complex would be a: | Premature Junctional Contraction |
| A premature ectopic beat that presents with no P wave and has a wide QRS complex would be a: | Premature Ventricular Contraction |
| A premature ventricular contraction that occurs between two regular beats and doesn’t cause a drop in a QRS complex is known as an: | Interpolated PVC |
| Where does the heart receive its nutrients from? | Coronary arteries |
| The resistance against at which the ventricle must contract | Afterload |
| The pressure in the filled ventricles at the end of diatole | Preload |
| Communication between two or more vessels | Anastomoses |
| The blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel’s radius | Poiseuille’s Law |
| States he more the myocardial muscle is stretched, the greater its force of contraction | Starling’s Law |
| The ability for cells in the heart to self-depolarize is known as: | Automaticity |
| What ion has the greatest influence on muscular contraction? | Calcium |
| The period of an ECG that is most vulnerable to an ectopic beat causing the pt to go into a lethal rhythm is known as: | Relative refractory period |
| Define the term chronotropy: | Pertaining to heart rate |
| Define the term Inotropy | Cardiac contractile force |
| Define the term Dromotropy | The speed of impulse transmission by nerve fibers or cardiac muscle fibers |
| What are the three layers of the heart? | Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| What is the first phase of the cardiac cycle? | Diatole |
| What is the second phase of the cardiac cycle? | Systole |
| ______ natriuretic peptide is manufactured, stored, and released by the atrial muscle cells in response to such things as atrial distention and sympathetic stimulation. | Atrial |
| ______ natriuretic peptide is secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of the ventricle myocytes. | Brain |
| What three factors influence stroke volume? | Preload, afterload, contractility |
| What heart valves are open during diastole? | Mitral and tricuspid |
| What heart valves are open during systole? | Aortic and pulmonic |
| This has the role of depolarizing the myocardium: | Sodium |
| This has the role of influencing repolarization: | Potassium |
| What is a group of cardiac muscle cells that function physiologically as a unit? | Syncytium |
| Where are intercalated discs found? | Cardiac muscle fibers |
| In lead I, where is the positive lead placed? | Left arm |
| In lead II, where is the positive lead placed? | Left leg |
| In lead III, where is the positive lead placed? | Left leg |
| in lead I, where is the negative lead placed? | Right arm |
| In lead II, where is the negative lead placed? | Right arm |
| In lead III, where is the negative lead placed? | Left arm |
| Which pause keeps cadence? | Compensatory |
| HR, SV, and Systemic vascular resistance make up the equation for: | Blood pressure |
| Using the below picture of the cardiac contractile cell action potential, when is calcium entering the cell? | Phase 2 |
| The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles with one contraction vs the amount of blood that was in the ventricles at the end of diastole is termed the: | Ejection fraction |
| The hold in the atrial septum that is part of the fetal blood circulation is known as the: | Foramen ovale |
| An electrical impulse traveling towards a positive electrode will produce a _______ wave on an ECG. | Positive |
| The AV node is found where in the heart? | Lower right atrium |
| What is usually the only normal pathway for an electrical impulse to travel from the right atrium to the ventricles? | Via the AV node |
| The presence of a delta wave on an ECG is evidence of which of the following? | WPW |
| In Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, what is the name of the accessory pathway that is allowing electrical impulses to bypass the AV node and prematurely fire the ventricles? | Bundle of Kent |
| A patient presents with an artificial internal pacemaker that fires only when the patient’s heart rate drops below a present rate. This type of pacemaker is known as a: | Demand |
| Define: conductive system cells can respond to an electrical stimulus like all other myocardial cells | Excitability |
| Define: because the cells of the cardiac conductive system are specialized cardiac muscle cells, they retain the ability to contract | Contractility |
| Define: conductive system cells can propagate the electrical impulse from one cell to another | Conductivity |
| 0.12-0.20 is the normal: | PRI |
| 0.04-0.12 is the normal: | QRS |
| What electrical unit is used when we provide cardioversion | Joules |
| 120-200J is the cardioversion setting for: | atrial fibrillation |
| 50-100J is the cardioversion setting for: | SVT and Atrial flutter |
| When the heart is in diastole, which of the heart valves are open? | Mitral and tricuspid |
| When the heart is in systole and is actively pumping blood from the ventricles, which of the heart valves are open? | Pulmonic and aortic |
Created by:
Stephanie96