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MT Med Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ab- | away from |
| Ad- | toward, near |
| Ambi- | both |
| An-, A- | lack of |
| Ana- | up, apart, backward |
| Ante | before, forward |
| Anti-, Contra- | against |
| Auto- | self |
| Brach- | short |
| Brady- | slow |
| Bi-, Di- | two, double |
| Calc-, mal- | bad |
| cata- | down |
| circum- | around |
| con- | with |
| de- | down, away from |
| Dia- | through, between, complete |
| Dys- | bad, difficult, painful, abnormal |
| Ec, Ecto | Out, outside, outer |
| End-, endo- | w/in, inner |
| ep-, epi- | upon, over, above |
| eu- | good, normal |
| ex, exo- | out, away from |
| extra- | outside/beyond |
| hemi/semi | half |
| hyper | above, beyond, excessive |
| hypo | below, under, deficient |
| intra | w/in |
| meso- | middle |
| meta- | beyond, over, between, change |
| nulli | none |
| olligo- | scanty, little |
| pan- | all |
| para- | beside, alongside, abnormal |
| per- | through |
| post- | after, behind |
| pro- | before, in front of |
| proto- | first |
| pseudo- | false |
| sub- | below, under, beneath |
| supra- | above, beyond |
| sym-, syn- | tg, with |
| tachy | rapid |
| trans | across |
| Act/o | acting, act |
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| agon/o | agony, context |
| andro | man |
| angi/o | vessel |
| anter/o | toward the front |
| ather/o | fatty substance |
| bi/o | life |
| cardi/o | heart |
| caud/o | tail |
| bil/ or chol/e | gall, bile |
| chromat | color |
| cirrh | orange-yellow |
| cleid/o | clavicle |
| collis | neck |
| cyan | dark blue |
| -cyst | bladder, sac |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dactyl/o | fingers/ toes |
| dilat | widen |
| dors/o | backward |
| duct/o | to lead |
| fasci/o | a band |
| glyc/o | sweet, sugar |
| gynec/o | female |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hist/o | tissue |
| immun/o | immunity |
| kary/o | cell's nucleus |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lipid | fat |
| leuk | white |
| myel | bone marrow |
| odont/o | tooth |
| phag | to eat |
| phen/o | to show |
| physi/o | nature |
| proct/o, rect/o | rectum |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| reticulo | net |
| rheumat/o | discharge |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| scler/o | hardening |
| septic | putrefying |
| ser/a/o | whey, serum |
| somat/o | body |
| somn/o | sleep |
| splen/o | spleen |
| spondyl/o | verterbra |
| steon/o | narrowing |
| stomat/o, or/o | mouth |
| synov/o | synovial |
| system/o | composite, whole |
| thromb | clot |
| thym/o | thymus, mind, emotion |
| tonsill/o | tonsil, almond |
| tort/i or tors/o | twisted |
| troph/o | nourishment, development |
| vascul/o | small vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| ventr | near/on the belly side of the body |
| viscero | body organs |
| topic | place |
| -able | capable of |
| -algia, -dynia | pain/ache |
| -ant | forming |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -blast | immature/germ cell |
| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -crit | to seperate |
| -desis | binding |
| -ectasis | dilation/distention |
| -edema | swell |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -globin | protein |
| gram | record |
| graph | instrument for recording |
| graphy | recording |
| -icle | little |
| -ion | process |
| -ism | condition |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -lexia | diction, word, phrase |
| -lysis | destruction |
| -malacia | softening |
| -mania | madness |
| -megaly | enlargement, large |
| -metry | measurement |
| -morph | form/shape |
| -oid | resemble |
| -oma | tumor |
| -paresis | weakness; partial paralysis |
| -pathy | disease, emotion |
| -penia | defiency |
| -pepsia | to digest |
| -phagia | to eat, swallow |
| -phil, -philia | attraction |
| -plegia | paralysis, stroke |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting/ coughing up |
| -scopy | examination/viewing |
| -stomy | new opening |
| -throphy | nourishment development |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| -algesia | condition of pain |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -ate | use, action |
| -cide | to kill |
| -cuspid | point |
| -gen, -genesis | formation, produce |
| -ive | nature/quality of |
| -lymph | clear fluid, serum, pale fluid |
| -stasis | control, stop, hand, still |
| -thermy | heat |
| -uria | urination, condition of urine |
| -urn | tissue, structure |
| -rrhage | bursting forth |
| -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -rrhapy | suture |
| comat | a deep sleep |
| consci | aware |
| esthet | feeling, sensation |
| mestru | to discharge the menses |
| ras | to scrape off |
| sterg | soldi |
| turg | swelling |
| stem cells | capable of self-renewal and specialization |
| Nucleus | controls metabolism, growth, and reproduction |
| Zoonosis | infection transmitted from animals to humans |
| Apex | pointed-end of a cone-shaped structure |
| Metabolism | physical and chemical processes that occurs w/in to maintain life |
| Prions | infectious agents that causes diseases such as mad cow disease |
| Epithelial tissue functions | protection, secretion, and absorption |
| Cilia | move mucus and debris in the respiratory tract |
| molecule | 2/more atoms chemically bonded |
| cytoplasm | storage and work areas for the cell |
| Ribosomes | make enzymes and other proteins |
| Ribosomes | "protein factories" |
| Golgi Apparatus | packages protein into vesicles |
| Mitochondria | involved in cellular metabolism and respiration |
| Mitochondria | power plants |
| Centrioles | play in cell production |
| Nucleus | responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, reproduction |
| Embryonic cell | unspecialized cell that can turn itself into any type of issue |
| stem cell sources | embryos, adult tissues, and umbilical cord blood. |
| trunk | torso |
| rib cage | protects heart and lungs |
| abdomen | mostly responsible for digestion |
| liver | play in metabolism of carbs, fats, & proteins |
| therapeutic use | for disease/condition like allergy; to relieve symptoms |
| diagnostic use | use in conjunction w. radiology |
| curative use | kill/remove the causative age of a disease; ex: antibiotics |
| replacement use | replace/supplement substances normally found in the body; ex: hormones and vitamins |
| preventive/prophylactic use | ward off/lessen a disease's severity immunizing agents |
| chemical name | specifies the formula that denotes drug's composition |
| generic name | drug's official name |
| brand name | private property of the drug; capitalized |
| Epithelia tissue | protects, secrets, sense, absorb, excretes, & diffuse |
| Connective tissue | supports, protect, binds; cartilage, tendons, bones, fat & soft padding; most abundant |
| muscle tissue | contracts to cause movement muscle; skeletal, cardiac & smooth |
| Nervous tissue | internal communications and control; conductivity |
| Genome | Complete set of genes and chromosomes tucked inside each of the body's trillions of cells |
| Phenotype | physical appearance of an individual |
| Tarsus | ankle |
| Tars/o | ankle |
| oste | bones |
| mast/mamm | breast |
| aur/ot | ear |
| cubit/ olecran | elbow |
| pod | foot |
| gingivo | gums |
| manus | hand |
| chir | hand |
| cephal/ | head |
| isch- | hip |
| coxal | hip |
| cervic- | neck |
| cost- | ribs |
| gastr- | stomach |
| tempor- | temples |
| pharyng- | throat |
| carpus | wrist |
| health | state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being |
| Pertussis | whooping cough |
| perfusion | pouring through to supply nutritive fluid via bloodstream |
| somatotrophic | relating to body growth simulation |
| systemic | relating to the whole body |
| topical | per. to a place/definite locale |
| ventral | near the belly side |
| visceral | relating to body organs |
| endomorph | round and soft physically body form |
| karyogenesis | forming cell's nucleus |
| mesomorph | well-proportioned body from mesoderm tissue (cell's middle layer in the developing embryo) |
| Anatomy | cut up; study of organism |
| Chromosome | carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics |
| Ectomorph | slender physical body form; linear physique |
| Infectious disease | pathogenic-caused; carried in the mouth, nose, throat, & respiratory tract |
| Helminths | wormlike; live in the gastrointestinal tract of hosts |
| Mycoses | fungal infections |
| Prions | protein-like infectious particle |
| Protozoal | single-celled parasites w/ flexible membranes and moving ability; ex: malaria |
| Spirochetal | caused syphilis |
| Zoonoses | communicable disease from animals to humans |
| vectors-carriers of disease | insect can transmit disease by biting; ex: west Nile virus, encephalitis, dengue fever, zika virus, cause microcephaly in newborns. |
| athropods | vectors, transmit via bite |
| Rickettsioses | rocky mountain spotted fever |
| Skin functions | protection, regulation (temperature), sensation, & secretion |
| Eyelids | thinnest skin layer |
| Stratum basale | forms melanin; damage require skin grafts (SG) |
| Stratum Basale | responsible for regeneration |
| Stratum Spinosum | daughter cells pushed into this layer |
| Stratum Spinosum | contains Langerhans cells (defense) |
| Stratum Granulosum | large amounts of Keratin made here |
| Stratum lucidum | cells flatened, filled w/ keratin |
| Stratum corneum | Active in keratinization; forms protective covering |
| Papillae | produce fingerprints |
| Reticular layer | White fibrous tissue (support blood vessels) |
| Dermis | nourishes epidermis and provides strength; support blood vessels |
| Subcutaneous Tissue | below dermis; support, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin |
| Hair | filter foreign particles (eye, nose, ears) |
| Arrector pili muscle | causes gooseflesh (contraction) |
| Nails | Horny cell structures (hard keratin); protect ends of fingers and toes |
| Eponychium | cuticle |
| Apocrine Sweat Glands | acts as scent glands (cause body odor) |
| Acne | inflammatory to sebaceous glands & hair follicles |
| Eczema | inflammatory skin disorder |
| cellulitis | inflammation of skin/subcuatenous tissue |
| rosacea | chronic disease of face, erythema, papules |
| Tinea | ringworm, fungal infection |
| Herpes Simplex | cold sore, fever blister |
| Boil | furuncle, painful nodule, staph |
| Carbuncle | subcutaneous tissue infection |
| Hidradenitis | sweat gland inflammation |
| Onychia | nail bed inflammation; loss of nail |
| Paronychia | infection condition near nail |
| Albinism | absence of pigment |
| Leokoderma | localized loss of pigmentation |
| Xanthoderma | yellowness of skin |
| Erythema | redness of skin |
| Erythroderma | widespread redness |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) | malignant epithelial tumor |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) | malignant squamous epithelial |
| Melanoma | malignant black mole/tumor |
| Acrochordon | skin tag |
| Wart | verruca, viral lesion |
| Mole | nevus, pigmented elevated spot |
| Xanthoma | yellow tumor, plaque/nodule |
| Keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| Comdeo | blackhead |
| Decubitus Ulcer | bedsore, pressure |
| Avulsion | forcible tearing off a part |
| Eschar | slough, scab |
| Excoriation | abrasion by scratching |
| Gangrene | eating sore; necrosis due to deficient blood supply |
| Cicatrix | scar left after healing |
| Stria | stretch marks |
| Alpopecia | baldness, hair loss |
| Anhi/Hypo-hidrosis | lack of sweating |
| Pruritus | severe itching |
| Psoriasis | chronic, dry scales, redness, itching |
| Scleroderma | skin/CT hardening |
| seborrhea | excessive oil flow |
| Pachyderma | thick skin |
| Xeroderma | dry skin |
| TB skin test | Mantoux PPD, intradermal; mycobacterium tuberculosis test |
| TB blood tests | preferred for BCG vaccine recipients, IGRAs |
| Scratch/Prick test | allergy testing |
| Sweat test | chloride testing; increase = cystic fibrosis |
| Tzanck test | microscopic testing for type of viral infection from pustule |
| Biopsy (Bx) | tissue for microscopic exam |
| ESR (Sed Rate) | BT for RBC settling rate |
| Autograft | graft from patient's own body |
| Cryosurgery | subfreezing temp for destruction |
| Debridement | removal of foreign/dead tissue |
| Dermabrasion | sanding outer layers to remove scars/wrinkles |
| Dermatome | instrument to cut thin slices of skin |
| Panniculectomy | surgical excision of fat cells |
| Rhytidoplast | surgical repair of wrinkles |
| Botox | relaxes wrinkles |
| Dermal fillers | improve skin contouring |
| Intense pulsed light (PIL) | remove discoloration |
| Sclerotherapy | collapses spider veins |
| Emollients | oily substances for dry skin; ex: desitin |
| Keratolytics | loosen horny layers for acne and warts; ex: duofilm, Keralite, and compound W |
| Local Anesthetic Agents | reduce pain/discomfort; ex: solarcaine & xylocaine |
| Antihistamines | relive itching; ex: benadryl; block H1 receptors, treat allergy symptoms |
| Antipruritics | prevent/relieve itching; ex: topic-tripelennamine HCL |
| Antibiotics | destroy/stop bacteria growth; ex: reosporin, polysporin, & mycitraci |
| Anti-inflammatories | relieve swelling/ pain; ex: NSAIDs & Acetamiophen |
| Coticosteroids | topical/oral |
| Retin-A | acne vulgaris; ex: tretinoin |
| Rogain | stimulate hair growth; ex: minoxidil |
| Skin protection | inhibiting excessive loss of water and electrolytes |
| acr/o | extermity |
| actin/o | ray |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| caus/o | burning |
| cellul/o | little cell |
| chym/o | juice |
| coriat/o | corum |
| cubit/o | to lie |
| cutane/p | skin |
| erythr/o | red |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| integument/o | a covering |
| jaund/o | yellow |
| kel/o | tumor |
| kerat/o | horn |
| lopec/o | fox mange |
| miliar/o | millet (tiny) |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| pachy/o | thick |
| pannicul/o | fat cells |
| pedcul/o | a louse |
| plak/o | plate |
| prurit/o | itching |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| seb/o | oil/sebum |
| tel/o | end, distant |
| trich/o | hair |
| ungu/o | nail |
| vuls/o | to pull |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| skin accessory structures | hair, nails, sweat glands |
| vernix caseoa | cheeselike substance |
| Heat stroke | sweat gland dysfunction |
| Wound culture | to identify microorganisms |
| bulla | larger blister |
| candidasis | skin infection/ mucous membranes w/ any candida species ( genus of yeasts) |
| comedo | blackhead |
| corm | skin thickening |
| dehiscence | surgical complication where there's seperation/ bursting open of a surgical wound |
| eschar | slough/scab |
| exudate | oozing of pus/serum |
| hives | eruption of itching and burning swells on the skin |
| impetigo | caused by strep/staph, skin infection marked by vesicles/bullae. |
| lentigo | flat, brownish spot from sun & weather |
| leukoderma | loss of skin pigment |
| leukoplakia | white spots/patches on the tongue/cheek |
| lupus | destructive type of skin lesion |
| measles | highly contagious by the Rubeola virus |
| miliaria | rash w/ tiny pinned-size papules, vesicles, and/or pustules, newborns |
| onychomycosis | condition of fungal nail infection |
| purpura | purplish discoloration from blood extravasion into the tissues |
| roseola | red spots rash by maculae |
| rubella | red rash contagious viral infection |
| subungual | per. to below the nail |
| taut | tight, firm; to pull/draw tight a surface; ex: skin |
| tinea | contagious fungal skin dzs; discolored, scaly patches; ringworm |
| Ulcer | open lesion/epidermis sore |
| varicella | chickenpox |
| Flat | ribs, scapula, skull bones |
| Long | Tibia, Femur, Humerus |
| Short | Carpals, Tarsals |
| Irregular | Verterbrae, Ossicle |
| Sesamoid | Patella |
| Sutural/Wormian | Between skull bones |
| Epiphysis | End of developing bone |
| Diaphysis | Shaft |
| Metaphysis | between Epi/Diaphysis, contains Growth Plate |
| Periosteum | Vascular covering membrane (except joints) |
| Compact bone | dense, hard layer |
| Cancellous/Spongy bone | reticular network; inner porous area |
| Medullary Canal | cavity in diaphysis |
| Endosteum | lining of medullary canal, contains marrow |
| Condyle | rounded projection for joint |
| Crest | ridge |
| Fissure | slit like opening |
| Foramen | opening for vessels/nerves |
| Fossa | Shallow depression |
| Head | rounded end |
| Meatus | Tubelike canal |
| Process (Bone Marking) | Enlargement/protrusion |
| Sinus | Air cavity |
| Spine | sharp, slender process |
| Trochanter | bony projections on femur |
| Tubercle | small, rounded process |
| Tuberosity | large, rounded process |
| Synarthrosis | Fibrous, no movement; ex: cranial suture |
| Amphiarthrosis | Cartilaginous, slight movement; ex: verterbra |
| Diarthrosis | synovial, free movement, ex: knee, hip |
| Flexion | bending |
| Extension | straightening |
| Circumduction | circular motion |
| abduction | away from middle |
| adduction | toward middle |
| rotation | around central axis |
| protraction | forward |
| retraction | backward |
| dorsiflexion | bending backward |
| pronation | palm downward/ prone |
| supination | palm upward/supine |
| Android | Funnel shaped, narrow outlet, thick/heavy bones |
| Gynecoid | basin shaped, wider, ideal for childbirth |
| Osteoporosis | decreased bone density/fragility |
| Osteopenia | deficiency of bone tissue |
| osteomalacia | softening of bones |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| osteoarthritis | wear-and-tear disease |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | chronic autoimmune inflammation |
| Gout | Acute arthritis due to uric acid crystals |
| Kyphosis | Humpback, exaggerated thoracic curve |
| Lordosis | Swayback, abnormal lumbar curve |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral spinal curvature |
| Achondroplasia | defect in cartilage formation |
| Ankylosis | abnormal joint stiffening |
| Bursitis | Bursa inflammation |
| Rickets | lack of vit D in chilren |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | median nerve compression |
| dislocation | bone displacement from joint |
| sprain | injury to tends/ligaments/muscles around joint |
| flatfoot | pes planus |
| genu valgum | knock-knee |
| genu varum | bowleg |
| hammertoe | flexion deformity |
| hydrarthrosis | watery fluid accumulation in joint |
| Arthrography | Joint X-ray w/ contrast |
| Arthroscopy | examine joint interior via scope |
| Computed Tomography (CT) | cross-section imaging; 3d image of bones/tissues |
| DXA Scan | measure bone mineral density, t-score (osteoporosis) |
| goniometry | measure joint movement (ROM) |
| X-ray | detect fractures, arthritis, tumors |
| Thermography | record heat patterns, RA investigation |
| Alkaline Phosphatase test | detects bone disease/healing; increased in rickets, tumors, fracture healing |
| Uric Acid Blood Test | detects gout |
| Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) | BT to identify antigen-antibody reaction; present in certain autoimmune disease |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | indicate inflammation/RA |
| Serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) | present in RA |
| Arthrocentesis | remove joint fluid |
| Arthrodesis | surgical joint fusion |
| Arthroplasty | surgical joint repair |
| Reduction | correct fracture/hernia |
| Traction | drawing/ pulling on bones/muscles |
| Cast/Splint | immobilization/fixation |
| Osteotome | instrument to cut bone |
| Laminectomy | excision of vertebral posterior arch |
| Spondylodesis | spinal fusion/vertebrae binding |
| Craniectomy/tomy | skull surgery |
| Coricosteriods | steroidal; strong rheumatoid arthritis; ex: prednisone |
| NSAIDS | nonsteroidal; reduce pain & inflammation; ex: ibuprofen, aspirin |
| DMARDS | limit joint damage; ex: Methotrexate |
| COX-2 Inhibitors | reduce inflammatory compounds |
| Biologics | target inflammation pathways; Vaccines, recombinant DNA drugs; ex: Humira, Enbrel |
| Gout Treatment | Colchicine, Allopurinol, Probenecid |
| Antiresportives | decreased CA removal; prevent bone loss; ex: Fosamax, Boniva |
| Estrogen Hormone Therapy (EHT) | prevents bone loss post-menopause & osteoporosis; ex: premarin |
| Narcotic Analgesics | relieve pain; morphine, oxycontin |
| Non-narcotic analgesics | relieve pain; acetaminophen, Ibuprofen |
| cartilage | smooth, flexible CT; covers bone ends & forms early skeleton |
| tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| ligaments | connect bone to bone; stabilize joints |
| osteo/o | bone |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| cost/o | rib |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lord/o | curve, swayback |
| scoli/o | crooked/ curvature |
| osteomyelitis | bone infection |
| MRI | soft tissues & joint imaging |
| Calcium/Phosphorus test | monitors mineral levels |
| Axial Skeleton | skull, spine, ribs, & sternum (breastbone) |
| Appendicular Skeleton | shoulder & pelvics girdle, digits, & femur |
| bones | protect, store, form blood cell, movement, & body support |
| anky/l | stiffening |
| burs/o | pouch |
| calcan/e | heel bone |
| carp/o | wrist |
| coccyg/o | tailbone |
| ischi/i | ischium (hip) |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| stern/o | breast bone |
| uln/o | ulna |
| xiph/o | sword |
| -physis | growth |
| -plasia | formation |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| muscle tissue | composed of long, slender fibers; make up 42% of body weight |
| Fascia | fibrous sheath enclosing fibers |
| Origin | fixed attachment to stationary bone |
| Insertion | point of attachment to movable bone |
| Tendon | band of connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone |
| Aponeurosis | wide, thin, sheetlike, tendon |
| Muscles | Movement, Tonicity, Heat, Stability |
| Locomotion | chemical energy to mechanical energy |
| Propulsion of substances | circulation & digestion |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary/Striated Muscles; body movement |
| Skeletal Muscle Contractility | shorter & thicker |
| Skeletal Muscle Extensibility | longer & thinner, stretched |
| Skeletal Muscle Excitability | respond to nervous stimulation |
| Skeletal Muscle elasticity | return to original shape |
| Smooth Muscle | involuntary; in internal organs; controlled by nervous system |
| Cardiac Muscle | involuntary but striated; contraction without initial nervous input |
| Antagonist | counteracts other muscle; one contracts, other relaxes |
| Prime Mover/ Agonist | primary muscle producing movement |
| Synergist | acts w/o another muscle to assist movement |
| Motor Unit | muscles and nerves function together |
| Ataxia | lack of muscular coordination |
| Atrophy | wasting away muscle tissue due to lack of use/nerve stimulation |
| Bradykinesia | motion slowness |
| Contracture | permanent tightening of muscle/fascia |
| Dermatomyositis | muscle and skin inflammation; chronic immunological dzsw. systemic pathology |
| Dystonia | impaired muscle tone |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | genetic muscle degeneration of skeletal muscles |
| Myasthenia Gravis (MG) | grave muscle weakness, autoimmune |
| Myoparesis | weakness/slight paralysis |
| Muscle Spasm | 'charley horse' involuntary contraction |
| Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) | chronic muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disorders |
| Spasticity | increased muscular tone, stiff movements |
| Strain | excessive forcible stretching of muscle/tendon |
| Torticollis | stiff neck, wryneck |
| Electromyography (EMG) | measures electrical activity in muscles |
| Muscle Biopsy | analyzes tissue for disease |
| Calcium BT | essential for contraction |
| Skeletal Muscle Relaxants | treat spasms, spasticity; ex: flexeril & robaxim |
| Diathermy | heat treatment using high-frequency current |
| Hydrotherapy | treatment using water |
| Massage | pressure and friction |
| First Aid (RICE) | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, & Heat |
| Biceps | muscle w/ 2 heads |
| Fasciitis | inflammation of fascia |
| Myoblast | embryonic muscle cell |
| Myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle |
| Myorraphy | suture of muscle wound |
| Quadriceps | muscles w/ 4 heads |
| Sarcolemma | membrane surrounding striated fiber |
| Tenodesis | surgical binding of a tendon |
| Tonic | per. to tone/tension |
| muscle fiber | long, slender cell that contracts |
| Body (belly) | main bulk of muscle |
| Sternoicleidomastoid | neck; rotates/ laterally flexes head |
| trapezius | neck/shoulder; extends head, moves scapula |
| deltoid | shoulder; raises & rotates arm |
| biceps brachii | upper arm; flexes arm & forearm |
| triceps brachii | upper arm (posterior); extends forearm |
| Pectoralis major | chest; flexes, adducts, rotates arm |
| Rectus abdomiis | Abdomen; compresses abdomen |
| External oblique | Abdomen; compresses adbdonmen/viscera |
| Latissimus dorsi | back; extends & rotates arm |
| Gluteus maximus | Buttocks; extends & rotates thigh |
| Rectus femoris | thigh (front); extends leg, flexes thigh |
| Biceps femoris | thigh (back); flexes knee |
| Tibialis anterior | lower leg (front); dorsiflexes foot |
| Gastrocnemius | Calf; plantar flexes foot |
| Achilles tendon | Heel; extends ankle |
| levator | lifts a part |
| Synergism | muscles working tg |
| hypertrophy | enlargement from overuse |
| tetany | continuous muscle contractions due to low Ca2+ |
| rigor mortis | post-death muscle stiffening |
| rhabd/o | striate muscle |
| -tonia | tone |
| creatine kinase (CK) | elevated in muscle injury/dystrophy |
| Aldolase (ALD) | detects Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| AST/ALT | elevate in muscle damage |
| LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) | detects muscle/tissue breakdown |
| Calcium BT | assess CA levels for contraction |
| anti-spasticity drugs | for MS/CP; ex: Baclofen & Tizanidine |
| supine | lying on back, face up |
| prone | lying face down |
| fowler's | sitting at 45-60 degree angle |
| lithotomy | on back, legs in stirrups (gynecology) |
| sims | lying on left side for rectal exams |
| knee-chest | on knees & chest (rectal procedures) |
| trendelenburg | head lower than feet (shock treatment) |
| orthopneic | sitting upright (for shortness of breath) |
| dorsal recumbent | on back, knees flexed outward |
| pacemaker cells | produce contraction stimulation w. nervous input |
| tonicity | posture maintaining through a continual partial contraction of skeletal muscle |
| is/o | equal |
| prosthe/o | an addition |
| rotat/o | to turn |
| ten/o | tendon |
| ton/o | tone, tension |
| volunt/o | will |
| -ceps | head |
| -in | substance |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -ia/ -y | condition |
| -ity | condition/state of |
| -kinesia/ -kinesis | motion/ movement |
| -ure | process/ condition |
| -or | doer |
| -phragm | fence, paritition |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction |
| -taxia | order |
| -trophy | nourishment, development |
| -sis | state of |
| flaccid | lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, & flabby |
| rotator cuff | group of muscles & their tendons that for shoulder stabilization |
| Digestive system | coverts food/fluids into absorbable semiliquid |
| Teeth | break food mechanically |
| Saliva | moistens/lubricates |
| Bolus | chewed food with saliva |
| Roof | Hard/Soft palates |
| Teeth's crown | above gum |
| Teeth's neck | constricted portion |
| Teeth's root | embedded in alveolus |
| Teeth's enamel | covers crown, hardest part |
| Teeth's dentin | forms bulk of tooth |
| Teeth's cementum | covers root dentin, anchors periodontal ligamnet |
| Teeth's pulp cavity | contains vessels/nerves |
| Teeth's root canal | tunnel for vessels/nerves |
| Pharynx (throat) | common passageway for respiration and food |
| Pharynx's subdivisions | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| Epiglottis | blocks larynx during swallowing |
| Esophagus movement | peristalsis: wavelike contractions |
| Cardiac Sphincter (LES) | prevents stomach contents backup |
| Stomach | converts food to Chyme (semiliquid state) |
| Stomach regins | fundus, body, antrum |
| Stomach lining | rugae (folds containing digestive glands) |
| Stomach output | pyloric sphincter passes chyme to small intestine |
| Small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, & ileum |
| Small intestine | receives bile and pancreatic juice; major sit of digestion & absorption |
| Intestinal Villi | increase surface are for absorption |
| Large Intestines | reabsorbs water, stores/eliminates waste (feces) |
| Large Intestines (colon) | cecum, colon, rectum, & anal canal |
| Colon Subdivisions | ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid |
| Salivary Glands | Parotid, Submandibular, & Sublingual |
| Salivary Glands | secrete saliva containing enzymes (amalyase) |
| Salivary Glands | lubricate food, behind carbohydrate digestion |
| liver | largest glandular organ; metabolism |
| liver | manufactures bill to break down fats, fibrinogen, heparin, & blood proteins |
| liver | stores iron/vitamins, detoxication |
| Gallbladder | small pear-shaped sac under liver |
| Gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile (by water removal) |
| Pancreas | gland behind stomach |
| Pancreas excorine | produces enzymes and insulin |
| Pancreas endocrine | secretes hormones (insulin) into bloodstream |
| Digestive (GI) system | Digest, Absorb, & Eliminates |
| Cholecysititis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| Stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of colon pouches |
| Dentalgia | toothache |
| Dyspepsia | difficult in digestion; indigestion |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| anoxeria | lack of appetite |
| Emesis/Hyperemesis | Vomiting/Excessive vomiting |
| Hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| melena | black, tarry feces from upper GI bleed |
| Ascities | fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity |
| Laparotomy | Abdominal incision |
| Lavage | wash out cavity; ex: gastric |
| Gavage | tube feeding |
| Antacid | Neutralize HCI, nonsystemic, systemic, mixtures |
| Histamic H2-receptor antagonists | inhibit act secretion; ex: Tagamet, Pepcid |
| Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | Prilosec, Nexium |
| Mucous Protective Medications | Carafate |
| Laxatives | relieve constipation; ex: Dulcolax, Metamucil |
| Antidiarrheals | Pepto-Bismol, Imodium |
| Antiemetics | prevent vomiting; ex: Dramamine, Phenergan |
| Emetics | induce vomiting; ex: apokyn |
| IBDs | Amino salicylates, Corticosteroids, & Immunomodulators |
| Ingestion | taking food into mouth |
| Digestion | breaking down food (mechanical & chemical) |
| Absorption | Nutrients absorbed into bloodstream |
| Elimination | waste materials expelled from the body |
| Mouth | chews food (mastication); mixes with saliva for digestion |
| Esophagus | tube connecting throat to stomach |
| rectum | storage of feces |
| duodenum | receives chyme, bile, & pancreatic enzymes |
| jejunum | absorbs nutrients |
| ileum | absorbs bile salts and vitamins |
| cecum | first part; contains the appendix |
| colon | ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid |
| anus | opening for elimination |
| an/o | anus |
| cec/o | cecum |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| dent/o | teeth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| pylor/o | pylorus (stomach exit) |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -rrhagia, -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones |
| Cirrhosis | chronic liver disease causing scarring |
| Chron's disease | chronic inflammation of the intestine |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of pouches in the colon |
| GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) | Backflow of stomach acid into esophagus |
| Hiatal Hernia | Stomach protrudes through diaphragm |
| Ileus | intestinal obstruction |
| Jaundice | yellowing of skin from excess bilirubin |
| Ulcer | open sore in stomach or intestine |
| Endoscopy | viewing internal digestive organs |
| Barium Swallow/ Enema | X-ray using contrast dye |
| Liver Function Test (LFT) | Checks liver enzyme levels |
| Stool Occult BT | Detects hidden blood in stool |
| Ultrasound/CT/MRI | detects masses, gallstones, or liver disease |
| Antacid | neutralize stomach acid |
| Antiemetics | prevent vomitiing |
| Antidiarrheals | control diarrhea |
| Laxatives/Cathartics | relive constipation |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | Reduce stomach acid production |
| H2 Blockers | decrease acid secretion |
| Antispasmodics | reduce intestinal spasms |
| Enzyme Supplements | aid digestion; ex: pancreatic enzymes |
| Bile | digestive fluid from liver that breaks down fats |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Deglutition | swallowing |
| Formed elements | Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes |
| Blood | delivers O2/Nutriets, Removes Waste/CO2 |
| Heart | slightly larger than first, behind sternum |
| Endocardium | inner lining |
| Myocardium | muscular middle layer |
| Pericardium | outer membranous sac |
| Atria | receive blood |
| Ventricles | pump blood |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Heart to lungs, back to Heart |
| Systemic Circulation | Heart to back, back to heart |
| Vena Cavaes | bring oxygenated blood to RA in Pulmonary circulation |
| Systole | contactio |
| Diastole | chambers filling; relaxation |
| Pacemaker | SA node |
| Purkinje Fibers | distribute impulse to ventricles |
| Capillaries | facilitate 02/Nutrient passage & waste removal |
| Veins | thin walls, contain valves to prevent backflow |
| Arteries | elastic tubes, carry blood in pulsating waves |
| Sphygomomanometer | measure BP |
| Systolic | Heart contracts, higher number |
| Diastolic | Heart relaxes, lower number |
| Hypertension | HBP; >140,90 |
| Hypotension | Low BP |
| Angiostenosis | vessel narrowing |
| Arteriosclerosis | artery hardening |
| Atherosclerosis | fatty buildup/hardening |
| Aneurysm | Artery ballooning; bulging/weakened blood vessel |
| Embolism | vessel obstruction by clot/substance |
| Thrombosis | stationary blood clot |
| Ischemia | lack of O2 due to decreased blood supply; insufficient blood supply |
| Raynaud Phenomenon | Vessel constriction in digits |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Heart attack |
| Rheumatic Heart Dizease | Valve damage post-fever |
| Fibrillation | quivering/disorganized heart rhythm |
| Flutter | rapid heart rate |
| Mitral Stenosis (MS) | narrowing of the mitral (bicuspid) valve |
| Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | regurgitation |
| Angina Pectoris | chest pain from restricted blood flow (crushing/squeezing-like) |
| shock | inadequate blood fow; ex: cardiogenic |
| hyperlipidemia | High blood fat levels |
| thrombophlebitis | clot + vein inflammation |
| Varicose veins | dilated, knotted veins |
| CABG | Coronary Artery Bypass Grast |
| angioplasty | vessel surgical repair; opens narrowed arteries w/ balloon/stent |
| PTCA | Balloon-tipped catheter for plaques |
| Cardioversion/Defribillator | Electrical shock to restore rhythm |
| Endarterectomy | Excision of inner artery lining |
| Pericardiocentesis | Fluid removal from pericardial sac |
| Antihypertensives | lower BP |
| Vasodilators | widen vessels; treat angina pectoris; ex: nitroglycerine |
| Vasopressors | narrow vessels, elevate BP; treat shock |
| Thrombolytics (TPA) | Dissolve existing clots; used in MI & ischemic strokes |
| Digitalis Drugs (Cardiotonic) | Strengthen heart muscle; use to treat Congestive Heart Failure |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG) | Electrical activity of the heart |
| Echocardiography (ECHO) | sound wave structure analysis |
| Angiography/Angiocardiogaphy | X-ray of vessels w/ contrast |
| Cardiac Catheterization | locate blockages using dye ; tube inserted to evaluate heart vessels |
| Cardiac Enzymes | ALT, AST, CK; detect cardiac damage in acute MI |
| Cardiac Troponin | BT to detect muscle injury not detected by enzymes |
| Lipid Profile | BT like Cholesterol, Triglycerides to determine coronary heart disease; VLDL, LDL, HDL |
| LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) | tissue damage indicator |
| Oximetry | Oxygen saturation measurement |
| Stress Test/Treadmill test | assess blood flow during exercise |
| Holter Monitory | 24he continuous ECG |
| Electrophysiology Study (EPS) | Map electrical conduction |
| Auscultation | Listening w/ stethoscope |
| Conduction System | controls heart rate & rhythym |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | result for atherosclerosis, causing narrowing of coronary arteries; risks MI & sudden death |
| peripheal artery disease (PAD) | fatty deposits restrict circulation, mainly in arteries of the legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys |
| Caludification | cramping/limping |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) | surgical procedure using a section of vein/artery to bypass an obstructed coronary artery, improving blood flow |
| percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) | balloon-tipped catheter to compress fatty plaques against the artery wall |
| Stent | expandable metal mesh placed at the site of a narrowing artery to keep it open |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a a cardiac valve |
| antiarryhthmics | Treat irregular heart rhythms; ex: flecainide acetate, Pacerone |
| Antihyperlipidemic | lower hbl of fatty substances; ex: lipitor, zocor, crestor |
| Anticoagulants | blood thinners; use to prevent DVT, PE, & MI |
| Cardiovascular system | Transport, remove waste, regulate temp, maintain PH balance, & protect with immune cells |
| Blood vessels | pathways that transport blood |
| Coronary Circulation | blood supply to heart muscle itself |
| Plasma | liquid part of blood (mostly waters) |
| Erythrocytes (RBCs) | carry O2 via hemoglobin |
| Leukocytes (WBCs) | fight infection |
| Thrombocytes (PLatetels) | help blood clot |
| AV node | delays impulse so atria contract first |
| Bundle of His | transmits impulse to ventricles |
| vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
| coron/o | heart |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| steth/o | chest |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -tension | pressure |
| anemia | lowe RBC count |
| Leukemia | cancer of WBCs; abnormal overproduction |
| Echocardiogram | ultrasound of the heart |
| CBC (Complete Blood Count) | Counts types of blood cells (Hematocrit, Hemoglobi, RBC/WBC count, Differential) |
| Lipid Panel | measures cholesterol & triglycerides |
| diuretics | reduce fluid buildup |
| beta-blockers | lower heart rate & BP |
| pulse | heartbeat felt through arteries |
| plaque | fatty buildup in artery |
| Hemostasis | stopping of bleeding |
| Type A | A antigen, Anti-B antibody |
| Type B | B antigen, Ant-A antibody |
| Type AB | A & B antigens, universal recipient of cells |
| Type O | no antigens, universal donor of cells |
| Rh factor | determined by Agglutinogen presence; about 85% of the pop are Rh+ |
| Blood Typing | Incompatibility causes Agglutination/Hemolysis |
| Coagulation process | fibrinogen to Fibrin by Thrombin |
| Lymph fluid | clear, alkaline fluid; derived from plasma seepage; contains proteins, salts, WBCs |
| Lymphatic system | transport fluids/proteins back to bloodstream; protect body against pathogens; absorbs fats from small intestine |
| Spleen | filter for old bloods (RBCs); stores platelets/WBCs, & a major sit of erythrocyte destruction |
| Tonsils | trap bacteria/viruses; produce antibodies |
| Tonsils | palatine, pharyngeal (adenoids), lingual |
| Thymus | essential role in immune response; manufactures infection-fighting T cells; located in the mediastinal cavity |
| Immunity | state of protection |
| Passive immunity | short-lived, transfer of antibodies |
| Active immunitiy | long-lasting, induced by antigen exposure |
| First Line innate defense | skin, mucous membranes, secretions |
| Second line innate defense | phagocytes, NK cells, Inflammation, Fever |
| Third line adaptive (specific) defense | Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Macrophages |
| Humoral Immune Response (Antibody-mediated) | B cells/Plasma lymphocytes; produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) |
| igG | Crosses placenta, activates complement |
| igM | first response to infection, activates complement |
| igA | protects epithelial surfaces |
| igE | Allergic reactions,, parasitic infection |
| igD | regulates B-cell function |
| Cellular Immune Response (Cell-mediated) | T cells (Helper, NK type); attacks foreign, virus-infected, or cancer cells |
| Aemia | hypoxia symptoms, reduction of RBCs/Hb |
| Septicemia | bacteria in blood/sepsis |
| Hemophilia | prolonged coagulation/bleeding; hereditary lack of clotting factor |
| Thalassemia | hereditary anemia, abnormal HB |
| Hemochromatosis | Iron accumulation in tisuses |
| AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) | Caused by HIV, a retrovirus. Invades T cells, weaking immune system |
| Allergy | Hypersensitivity reaction |
| Anaphylaxis | Exaggerated life-threatening allergic reaction |
| Autoimmune diesase | immune system attacks self |
| Munonucleosis | Epstein-Barr virus, swollen tonsils/lymph nodes |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | Common Aids-related tumor |
| Lymphederma | Lymph accumulation/swelling |
| Lymphoma | Malignant lymphoid neoplasm; cancer of lymphatic tissue (ex: Hodgkin's, Non-Hodgkin's) |
| Hypoxia | deficient oxygen in tissues |
| Splenomegaly | spleen enlargement |
| Blood typing | ABO groups, Rh factor |
| CD4 Cell Count | Monitors AIDS progression |
| ELISA | screens for HIV, measure porteins/substances |
| Viral Load | measures HIV amount in blood |
| PT/PTT | measures clotting time, regulates anticoagulants |
| antivirals (HAART/PrEP) | treat iron-deficiency anemia; treat Aids by suppressing HIV replication. |
| Epoetin alfa | Stimulates RBC production |
| Transfusion | transfer blood to recipient |
| Autotransfusion | infusing patient's own blood |
| Plasmapheresis | Plasma removal/separation |
| Leukapheresis | WBC removal/separation from blood |
| Flow | lymph is propelled in one direction (away from its source) into large veins in the upper chest |
| neutrophil | protects against infection, esp. bacteria via phagocytosis |
| Eosinophil | destroys parasites; plays a role in allergic reactions |
| Basophil | releases histamine & etc. for nonspecific response to inflammation |
| Monocytes | provides one of the first line of defense in the inflammatory process via phagocytosis |
| Lymphocyte | acts to recognize antigens, produce antibodies, & destroy foreigners |
| Primary hemostasis | platelets immediately forming a plug at the injury site |
| Secondary hemostasis | plasma proteins (coagulation factors) forming fibrin strands |
| T- cells | cellular immunity |
| B cells | humoral immunity |
| NK cells | attack foreign/cancer cells |
| AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) | often results in opportunistic infection |
| embolus | travelling particle (ex: clot) that can lodge in a vessel |
| Mononucleosis | infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; swollen tonsils and lymph nodes |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | measures the % of RBCs in the total BV |
| eopetin Alfa (EPO) | stimulates the production of RBCs; recombinant version of erythropoietin |
| HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) | combine agents to reduce viral load |
| PreEp | pre-exposure prophylaxis |
| Blood Functions | Transport, Regulate, & Protect |
| Rh+ | has antigen: can receive + or - |
| Rh- | lacks antigen: can receive only - |
| Aplastic anemia | bone marrow fails to produces bloods |
| Hemolytic anemica | RBCs destroyed prematurely |
| Iron-defiecincy anemia | lack of iron for hemoglobin production |
| Pernicious anemia | B12 deficiency prevents RBC formation |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Genetic disorder causing misshapen RBCs |
| Polycythemia vera | Excess RBC production |
| thrombocytopenia | low platelet count |
| Septicemia | blood poisoning (bacteria in bloodstream) |
| coagulopathy | disorder of blood clotting |
| Disseminated Intervascular Coagulation (DIC) | Widespread clotting and bleeding disorder |
| Lymphatic Functions | return interstitial fluid; absorb fats; provide immune defense |
| Lymphatic vessels | transport lymph back to blood |
| lymphedema | swelling from blocked lymph drainage |
| lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes |
| thymoma | tumor of thymus gland |
| ser/o | serum |
| nono- | one |
| -genic | produced by |
| Bone Marrow Biopsy | examines blood cell formation |
| Blood Smear | examines blood cell shape and number |
| Serology Tests | detects antibodies/antigens |
| Lymphangiography | imaging of lymphatic vessels |
| Immunosuppressants | reduce immune response (for transplants) |
| Antigen | substance that triggers immune response |
| Antibody | protein that fights specific antigens |
| Serum | plasma w/o clotting factors |
| Hematology | study of blood |
| Respiratory System | Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, & Lungs |
| External Respiration | Lungs ventilated |
| Alveoli | Nutrients exchange between air and blood |
| Internal Respiration | Nutrients exchange between blood and tissue cells |
| Brainstem | control respiration |
| Nose | Air passageway, warm/moistens air, traps foreign matter |
| Smell (Olfaction) | receptor cells in upper cavity (Cilia) |
| Nose Drainage | paranasal sinuses (Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal) |
| Larynx (Voice box) | produce vocal sounds (phonation) |
| Larynx GLottis | slit opening between true vocal folds |
| Unpaired Larynx | Thyroid (Adam's apple), Epiglottis (prevents aspiration), Cricoid (lowermost) |
| Larynx paired | arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate |
| trachea (windpipe) | passageway from pharynx/larynx to bronchi |
| trachea's strucutre | semi-cylindrical tube, C-shape cartilage rings |
| trachea's linings | mucous membrane w/ cilia |
| Bronchi | enter lung at Hilum |
| Right bronchus | larger and more vertical (frequent aspiration site) |
| Bronchi | terminates in Alveoli |
| Lungs | conical-shaped spongy organs; enclose in pleura |
| Lungs | bring air into contact w/ blood |
| Mediastinum | central space between lungs (contains heart) |
| Apex | upper margin |
| Lungs' base | rest on diaphragm |
| COPD | Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis |
| Pneumonia | lung inflammation |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | inherited disease, fibrosis/cyst in pancreas |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed lung/ failure to expand |
| Pneumothorax | air in chest cavity, causing collpase |
| Anthracosis | black lung, coal dust inhalation |
| Bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchi |
| Pleurisy/Pleuritis | inflammation of pleura |
| Croup | Larynx obstruction, barking cought |
| Influenze | viral infection |
| Asphyxia | oxygen depletion, CO2 increase |
| Dyspnea | difficult breathing |
| Hyperpnea | abnormally deep & rapid breathing |
| Orthopnea | inability to breath unless upright |
| Apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| Cyanosis | bluish/grayish skin from ) deficiency |
| Cough | protective response |
| Wheeze | high-pitched whistling sound |
| Stridor | high-pitched sound from partial obstruction |
| Rale/Rhonchus | abnormal rattling/crackling sound |
| Epistaxis | nosebleed |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood/mucus |
| Dypsphonia | Hoarseness/Difficult speaking |
| Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) | measure lung volume (TV,VC,TLC,etc.) |
| Bronchoscopy | visual examination of larynx, trachea, bronchi |
| Rhinoschopy | visual exam of nasal passages |
| Spirometer | used to measure lung volume |
| Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) | measures pH, O2, CO2 levels |
| Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) | detects M. tuberculosis in sputum |
| QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) | BT for TB |
| Culture, Sputum/Thorate | identifies pathogenic microorganisms |
| Thoracocentesis | surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluid |
| Heimlich Maneuver | First aid for airway obstruction |
| Pneumoectomy | Excision of entire lung |
| Tracheostomy | new opening into trachea |
| Palatopharyngoplasty | relieves snoring/sleep apnea |
| Respirator/Ventilate | assists breathing |
| Endotracheal (ET) tube | airway management |
| aspiration | drawing foreign bodies into tract |
| Expectoration | coughing up sputum |
| Antitussives | cough suppression; non-narcotic (Tessalon, Mucinex DM) Narcotic (Codeine, Hydrocodone) |
| Decongestant | relieve nasal congestion; ex: robitussin |
| Mucolytics | lower mucus thickness; ex: acetylcysteine |
| Bronchodilators | dilate air passage, improve airflow; ex: Proventil |
| Inhalational Glucocorticods | treat bronchial asthma/allergies |
| Antituberculosis Agents | long-term treatment for TB |
| Pleura | serous membrane enclosing lungs |
Created by:
FuirzH