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Shadae Prophete

Anatomy Week 1-6

QuestionAnswer
What is anatomy? The study of body structure and the relationships between body parts.
What are the major levels of structural organization in the body? Chemical > Cellular>Tissue >Organ> Organ system> Organism.
What are the main body cavities? Dorsal (cranial and spinal) and ventral (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic).
What are the main body planes? Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse.
What are anatomical position and directional terms used for? To describe body part locations relative to each other (e.g., anterior, posterior, superior, inferior).
What are the four major elements in the human body? Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
What element is most abundant in the human body? Oxygen.
What is pH? A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; indicates acidity or alkalinity.
What structure forms the outer boundary of a cell? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the plasma membrane made of? The plasma membrane.
What inorganic compound makes up most of the body’s weight? Water (H₂O).
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell? The mitochondrion.
What structure forms the outer boundary of a cell? The nucleus.
What are the small projections on the cell surface that increase surface area for absorption? Microvilli.
What are cilia and flagella? air-like and whip-like structures that aid in movement.
What are the four main tissue types? Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Which epithelial tissue forms the outer layer of skin? Stratified squamous epithelium.
Which connective tissue supports and protects the body’s organs? Bone tissue.
What type of connective tissue connects bones to muscles? Dense fibrous connective tissue (tendons).
What type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary? Skeletal muscle.
What are the two main layers of the skin? Epidermis and dermis.
What is the layer beneath the skin that contains fat? The subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer.
What type of epithelial tissue makes up the epidermis? Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
What are the two types of sweat glands? Eccrine and apocrine glands.
What is the structural protein found in skin, hair, and nails? Keratin.
How many bones are in the adult human skeleton? 206 bones.
What are the two major divisions of the skeleton? Axial and appendicular skeletons.
What bones make up the axial skeleton? Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
What are the major types of bone shapes? Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones.
What are the main parts of a long bone? Diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum, and medullary cavity.
What type of cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints? Articular cartilage.
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
What is the connective tissue covering around a whole muscle called? Epimysium.
What is the point where a muscle attaches to an immovable bone? The origin.
What is the point where a muscle attaches to a movable bone? The insertion.
What is a fascicle? A bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? Central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS).
What are the main parts of the brain? Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
What structures protect the brain and spinal cord? The meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater).
What are the 12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain called? Cranial nerves.
What is the structural part of a neuron that receives impulses? Dendrites.
What are the accessory structures of the eye? Eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal glands, and extrinsic eye muscles.
What are the three layers of the eyeball? Sclera, choroid, and retina.
What structure separates the outer and middle ear? Tympanic membrane (eardrum).
What are the three ossicles of the middle ear? Malleus, incus, and stapes.
What are the main endocrine glands? Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads.
Where is the thyroid gland located? In the neck, below the larynx.
What gland is found in the brain near the thalamus? The pineal gland.
Created by: user-1973629
 

 



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