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Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | superficial layer of epithelial cells |
| Dermis | connective tissues and contains the accessory glands and structures |
| Hypodermis | Superficial fascia; mostly adipose (fat) tissue to insulate and protect |
| Epidermis' cells | Keratinocytes and Melanocytes |
| Keratinocytes | Most abundant in epidermis and produce tough protein keratin; function it form a protective physical barrier. |
| Melanocytes | produce dark brown Melanin |
| Melanin | accumulates in the upper layers of the epidermis and protect the mitotic cells from harmful UV light that cause DNA damages/ mutations. |
| Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) | Microphages (phagocytotic) that kill bacteria and alert other immune cells to the presence of infections; they are WBCs that migrate out of blood vessels and into the epidermis. |
| Tactile corpuscle (Meissner's) | found in the dermal papilla of the dermis; a nervous tissue that provide sensations in the upper dermis; respond to light touch |
| Stratum Basale | deepest layer of epidermis; also known as stratum germinativum, as cell are constantly dividing to produce new skin cells that will move to the skin surface, die and shed. Interspersed with the mitotic cells are Melanocytes. |
| Stratum Spinosum | spine layer; continue to divide and accumulate filaments made of out a pre-keratin protein; accumulate melanin granules from melanocytes, shading the stratum basale. Dendritic cells can be found migrating through this layer. |
| Stratum Granulusom | Keratinocytes produce lamellar granules made of a glycolipid that provides a hydrophobic barrier to evaporation; accumulate keratohyalin granules that provide toughness to skin as the cell migrate upward and die. |
| Stratum Lucidum | Only present in thick skin (foot's sole and hand's palm) |
| Stratum Corneum | horny layer; dead, fully keratinized and flattened cells. In thick skin it can be 20-30 cells cell layers thick; constantly shed and replaced by deeper cells. |
| Dermis' layers | Papillary and Reticular |
| Dermis' accessory skin structures | hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. |
| Papillary Layer | Composed loose, areolar connective tissue to enhance connection with epidermis, dermal ridges that form fingerprints; contains sensory structures and rich in capillaries to supply the epidermis. |
| Reticular Layer | Composed dense irregular connective tissue: a network of collaged and elastic fibers that allow strength and flexibility. Fibers are secreted by fibroblast, and adipose cells and macrophages are found here. |
| Lamellar (Pacinian) Corpuscles | A nervous tissue in deep dermis that respond to stronger stimuli such as pressure and vibration found in the dermis and hypodermis. |
| Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat glands | Found all over the body; aid in thermoregulation by cooling the body; exocrine glands by secreting their production into a duct; a cuboidal epithelial cell. |
| Sebaceous gland | Exocrine glands connect to hair follicles within dermis to help skin moist and prevent hair to brittle; a cuboidal epithelial cell. |
| Sebum | Sebaceous gland's oil substance |
| Hair Follicle | Each base contains a clump of dermal tissue called papilla to provide nourishment to the dividing epidermal keratinocytes; in dermis and epidermis; a epithelial and connective tissue. |
| Hair Follicle Receptor/ Root Hair Plexus | Senses that surrounds hair follicle base in the dermis; a nervous tissue that when a hair is bent by something like a breeze or a fly crawling on skin |
| Arrector Pili Muscles | Strips of smooth muscle connect the follicle within the dermis; when these contract, the hair stand up causing goose bumps to produce heat loss. |
| Dermal Papillae | Interface between epidermis and dermis; wave boundary that helps anchor the two layers together and increase surface are for nutrient exchange. |
| Epidermis Avascular Tissue | no blood vessels |
| Keratin | Protein that serves as a protection |
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FuirzH