The study of the body’s structure and how parts relate to each other.

The study of how the body and its parts function.

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

What are the six levels of structural organization?

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.

What elements make up most of the human body?

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

What is ATP and what does it do?

Adenosine triphosphate provides energy for cellular activities.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.

What are the main layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

A strong, waterproof protein that gives structure to skin, hair, and nails.

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

Axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).

Define osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain bone, and osteoclasts break down bone.

What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and strong; spongy bone is light and contains red marrow.

What are the main parts of a long bone?

Diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), periosteum (covering), and medullary cavity (marrow cavity).

What is the periosteum?

A tough outer membrane that nourishes and protects bone tissue.

Name the three major types of joints.

Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable).

What is the function of articular cartilage?

It covers bone ends at joints to prevent friction and absorb shock.

What is the function of neurons?

To transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.

What is the endocrine system’s main role?

It releases hormones that regulate body processes like growth and metabolism.

What are the main organs of the cardiovascular system?

The heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart.

Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body.

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle muscle layer), endocardium (inner lining).

Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Arteries carry blood away, veins return it to the heart, and capillaries exchange nutrients and gases.

What is blood pressure and why is it important?

The force of blood against vessel walls; maintains circulation and tissue oxygenation.

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Kathryn Thomas

Weeks 1-5 review

Question	Answer
What is Anatomy?	The study of the body’s structure and how parts relate to each other.
What is Physiology?	The study of how the body and its parts function.
Define Homeostasis.	The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What are the six levels of structural organization?	Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
What elements make up most of the human body?	Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
What is ATP and what does it do?	Adenosine triphosphate provides energy for cellular activities.
What are enzymes?	Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
What are the main layers of the skin?	Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
What is keratin?	A strong, waterproof protein that gives structure to skin, hair, and nails.
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?	Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?	Axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
Define osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.	Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain bone, and osteoclasts break down bone.
What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?	Compact bone is dense and strong; spongy bone is light and contains red marrow.
What are the main parts of a long bone?	Diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), periosteum (covering), and medullary cavity (marrow cavity).
What is the periosteum?	A tough outer membrane that nourishes and protects bone tissue.
Name the three major types of joints.	Fibrous (immovable), cartilaginous (slightly movable), and synovial (freely movable).
What is the function of articular cartilage?	It covers bone ends at joints to prevent friction and absorb shock.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?	Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
What is the function of neurons?	To transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.
What is the endocrine system’s main role?	It releases hormones that regulate body processes like growth and metabolism.
What are the main organs of the cardiovascular system?	The heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart.	Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body.
What are the three layers of the heart wall?	Epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle muscle layer), endocardium (inner lining).
Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.	Arteries carry blood away, veins return it to the heart, and capillaries exchange nutrients and gases.
What is blood pressure and why is it important?	The force of blood against vessel walls; maintains circulation and tissue oxygenation.

Created by: Kathrynt7924

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