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BIOL 1101 Exam Two

Pre-Class Notes, Sept 22

QuestionAnswer
Characteristics Eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don't membrane-bound nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, rod-shaped chromosomes
What is the plasma membrane made out of phospholipid bilayer
What are microvilli plasma membrane of cells that specialize in absorption fold, normally found in intestines to absorb nutrients from food
Where is the cytoplasm cell's entire region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
What is the cytoplasm made out of consists of 70-80% water, semi-solid consistency because of embedded proteins
What takes place in the cytoplasm many metabolic reaction
What are the functions of the nucleus? Houses the cell's DNA, directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
What is the nuclear envelope? double-membrane structure that is the nucleus's outermost envelope
What is the nucleoplasm semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus
When are chromosomes visible? when cell is getting ready to divide
What is chromatin? unwound protein-chromosome
What happens in the nucleolus? area within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA aggregate to assemble ribosomal subunits can be transported out through pores
What function is the ribosome? responsible for protein synthesis; can either be clusters or single tiny dots that float
Where can ribosomes be found? plasma-membrane of cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope outer membrane
How does ribosomal transcription work DNA transcribes into messenger RNA, travels to ribosome, translation provided by sequence of nitrogenous bases, receives orders for protein synthesis from nucleus
Example of a type of cell where a lot of ribosomes are pancreas creating digestive enzymes, ribosome is abundant where large amounts of protein is synthesized
What is not included in the endomembrane system? mitochondria and chloroplast
What are in the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Ribosomes attached to cytoplasmic surface
What do ribosomes make in the endoplasmic reticulum? create proteins
What is made in the endoplasmic reticulum? create carbs, lipids, and hormones
Created by: goldengalleon
 

 



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