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Stack #4539231
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allopurinol action | inhibits conversion of xanthine oxidase to uric acid, and decreases uric acid production |
| Allopurinol intervention | monitor hypertension, give after meals for N/V/D, fall risk if vertigo, monitor WBC (liver and kidneys), and monitor uric acid levels |
| Allopurinol ADRs | hypersensitivity, N/V/D, drowsiness, HA, vertigo, bone marrow depression (rare), metallic taste, neprhototoxic and hepatotoxic |
| Allopurinol client instructions | increase fluid intake (3 mL), report bleeding and bruising, and wear uv sunglasses |
| Allopurinol contraindications and precautions | hyppersensitivity, bone marrow depression, and liver and renal dysfunction |
| Prednisone action | mimic cortisol by suppressing inflammation, decreases pain, and decreases capillary permeability |
| Prednisone intervention | monitor renal insufficiency, monitor blood glucose, give with food, monitor for infection, and monitor for Cushing's syndrome |
| Prednisone ADRs | hyperglycemia, increased Na, decreased K, immunosuppression, cushing's syndrome, osteoporosis, cateracts, caution around sick/crowds, monitor paitents with diabetes (increases blood glucose) |
| Prednisone client instructions | take as prescribed, requires tapering, consume adequate Ca and Vitamin D |
| Prednisone contraindications and precautions | Systemic fungal infection, cateracts, and caution with heart failure, DM, and Osteoporosis |
| Amoxicillin actions | broad spectrum, weaken and destroy cell wall, beta lactam antibiotic, adding clavulanic acid increases spectrum |
| Amoxicillian interventions | monitor GI symptoms, administer with food, report diarrhea, report yeast (mouth and vagina), monitor hives and dyspenia |
| Amoxicillin ADRs | hives, anaphylaxis, N/V/D, candidiasis, c diff |
| Amoxicillin client instructions | take before and at start of meal, notify for vaginal itching/burning/discharge |
| Amoxicillin contraindications and precautions | allergy to PCN/rocaine/benzathine, severe renal impairment, PCN reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives |
| Cephalexin action | broad spectrum, weaken and destory cell wall, beta lactam antibiotic, treats ear/throat infections and UTIs, uses and effects similar to PCN, generally safe for pregnant and nursing |
| Cephalexin interventions | access for PCN allergy, monitor GI symptoms, administer with food, report diarrhea, report yeast (mouth/vagina), and monitor for hives and dyspenia |
| Cephalexin ADRs | hives, anaphylaxis, N/V/D, yeast, c diff, cross sensitivity with PCN allergy |
| Cephalexin client instructions | do not take with alcohol, N/V/D, hypertension, notify provider for vaginal itching/burning/discharge, and dyspenia (call 911) |
| Cephalexin contracindications and precautions | allergy to PCN, milk-protein allergy, caution with renal failure or GI disease |
| Vancomycin action | broad spectrum (serious infections), effective against gram + bacteria, effective against MRSA (IV) and c diff (PO), alternative with PCN allergy, and push for over 60 min |
| Vancomycin interventions | monitor IV site for pain, redness and swelling, monitor renal function, BUN, CR, administer for over 60 min, and monitor labs trough level |
| Vancomycin ADRs | renal failure, red man syndrome, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis at IV site |
| Vancomycin client instructions | report facial flushing and faint, report pain, swelling, redness at IV site, report tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss |
| Vancomycin contraindications and precautions | renal insufficiency and colitis (reduce dosage) |
| Tetracycline action | broad spectrum and bacteriostatic, treats clamydia and myoplasma, Ricketts, cholera, and anthrax, for syphilis and PCN allergy, and treats acne |
| Tetracycline ADRs | N/V/D, teeth discoloration in <8 year old, hepatotoxicity, yeast, c diff, photosensitivity |
| Tetracycline interventions | monitor for GI symptoms, access for pregnancy, monitor liver function, monitor superinfections |
| Tetracycline client instructions | take 1 hr before 2 hrs after meals, GI trouble- take with non dairy foods, do not take with calcium, do not take with antacids, report pregnancy, and use sunscreen |
| Tetracycline contraindications and precautions | pregnancy and children <8, uv light, liver and kidney impairment |
| erythromycin action | broad spectrum, treats legionnaires disease, pertussis, and diphteria |
| erythromycin intervention | monitor for GI discomfort, cardiac arrhythmia, monitor liver function, and superinfections, cyp3a4 inhibitors increase blood levels |
| erythromycin ADRs | N/V/D, ventricular dysrhythmias, prolonged QT interval, ototoxicity, yeast and c diff |
| erythromycin client instructions | take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals, drink 8oz water after taking drug, if GI upset, take with food, report palllpatatios or syncope, report hearing loss, vertigo & tinnitus, report bloody stool and diarrhea |
| erythromycin contraindications & cautions | history of QT syndrome, caution with GI and liver disorders, caution with hypokalemia and kypomagnesmia |
| Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole action | broad spectrum against gram + cocci, gram - bacilli, and some protozoa and fungi, treats UTIs, pneumonia, shigella, bronchitis, and Otis media |
| Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole interventions | monitor for GI symptoms, monitor CBC, monitor for skin rashes (blisters), and monitor I&Os |
| Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole ADRs | N/V/D, Steven Johnsons syndrome, blood dyscrasias, urinary crystals, yeast and c diff |
| Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole client instructions | drink 1.2-1.5 L water/day, report fatigue, pallor, bruising, and new infections, report signs of superinfections, and lowers oral contraceptives effecicay |
| Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole contraindications and cautions | pregnancy, allergy to cox2 inhibitors, folic acid deficiency, pharyngitis, strep, and cautions in renal and liver dysfunction |
| Nitrofurantoin action | broad spectrum, treats UTIs, no action outside of urinary tract |
| Nitrofurantoin interventions | monitor Gi symptoms, monitor respiratory status, monitor for neuropathy, and monitor CBC |
| Nitrofurantoin ADRs | N/V/D, lung damage, peripheral nephropathy, blood dyscrasias, stained teeth and brown urine, photosynseitivity |
| Nitrofurantoin client instructions | report respiratory symptoms, report numbness, tingling and weakness, report fartigue, easy bruising, and new infections, with suspension, dilute and rinse mouth afterwards |
| Nitrofurantoin contraindications and precautions | renal impairment, jaundice from gallbladder diasese, caution of asthma, liver disorders, and Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Ketoconazole action | treats cutaneous (skin) fungal infections, fungicidal |
| Ketoconazole interventions | monitor liver function test (AST/ALT), monitor GI symptoms, give with food, and monitor CNS effects, should decrease over time |
| Ketoconazole ADRs | topical- burning, itching, redness, systemic- N/V/D, heptatotoxic, and drowsiness |
| Ketoconazole client instructions | report abdominal pain, take with food, water or cola (acidic), do not drive if drowsy, delay antacids 2 hrs after taking meds |
| Ketoconazole contraindications and precautions | caution with mnychomyosis, pregnancy and lactating safety is unknow |
| Aspirin and Ibuprofen actions | Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitors, relieve mild-moderate Paine, reduce fever, relieve dysmenorrhea, ASA- inhibit platelet aggregation |
| Aspirin and Ibuprofen ADRs | Cox-1 inhibitors: GI ulcers, bleeding, renal dysfunction ASA: Reye’s syndrome (children under 1) and salicylism |
| Aspirin and Ibuprofen client instructions | Swallow enteric coated whole, d/c 1 week before surgery, report gastric irritation, report signs of bleeding, stop taking if salicylism symptoms |
| Aspirin and Ibuprofen contraindications and precautions | pregnancy, peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorder, and caution with smoking, alcohol, H.pylori |
| Celecoxib actions | cox-2 inhibitor, relieve mild-moderate pain, suppress inflammation |
| Celecoxib ADRs | GI ulcers, bleeding, renal dysfunction, and vasoconstriction |
| Celecoxib interventions | monitor therapeutic effects, monitor signs of bleeding, monitor I/O, BUN, Cr, and monitor signs of thromboembolism |
| Celecoxib client instructions | take low-dose ASA with long-term therapy, take with food, milk or 8 oz of water, report gastric irritation and signs of bleeding, report signs of thromboembolic events |
| Celecoxib contraindications and precautions | pregnancy, severe hepatic or renal impairment, bleeding disorders, caution with HF, CVA, DM |
| Acetaminophen actions | inhibit COX but limited to CNS, relieve mild-moderate pain, reduces fever |
| Acetaminophen ADR | liver damage in toxic does, and hypertension with daily uses |
| Acetaminophen interventions | monitor therapeutic effects, monitor for overdose, monitor BP if taking regularly, administer acetylcysteine for overdose |
| Acetaminophen client instructions | read labels, many OTC products contain the drug, no more than 4 grams per day, report abd discomfort, N/V/D and sweating |
| Acetaminophen contraindications and precautions | alcoholism, caution with anemia, immune suppression, hepatic or renal disease |
| Tramadol actions | binds to opioid receptors and blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in CNS |
| Tramadol ADRs | sedation and dizziness, nausea and constipation, headache and seizures, urinary retention |
| Tramadol interventions | Monitor pain levels, fall risk, monitor respirations, monitor for seizure activity, monitor for urinary retention |
| Tramadol client instructions | avoid driving, sit or lie down if lightheaded, increase fluid and fiber intake |
| Tramadol contraindications and precautions | alcohol or CNS drug intoxications, seizure disorders, respiratory depression, caution with liver or renal disease |
| Morphine action | binds to MU opioid receptors and causes analgesia sedation and euphoria |
| Morphine ADRs | respiratory depression, sedation, dizziness, decreased intestinal mobility, N/V, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, cough suppression |
| Morphine Interventions | monitor pain levels, respiratory pain levels, respiratory rate less than 12, naloxone available, increase fiber and take stool softeners, monitor for urinary retention |
| Morphine client instructions | short-term therapy, only take when needed, do not drive, tolerance with long-term use, taper off |
| Morphine contraindications and precautions | pregnancy, renal failure, respiratory depression, caution with head injury, hypotension |
| Naloxone actions | blocks opioid receptors and reverses effects of opioids |
| Naloxone ADRs | ventricular dysrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension, vomiting, tremors |
| Naloxone interventions | monitor v/s and heart rhythm, durations 60-90 minutes, monitor for OD recurrence |
| Naloxone client instructions | warn of increased pain and decrease of euphoria |
| Naloxone contraindications and precautions | respiratory depression NOT caused by opioids and caution with cardiac irritability or head injury |
| Enalapril action | ACE- blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 and 2, results in Na and water excretion, K retention (hyperkalemia >5.0) |
| Enalapril ADRs | severe hypotension, rash, angioedema, dry cough |
| Enalapril interventions | monitor BP, monitor K levels (3.5-5.0), monitor CBC (neutrophils), discontinue for angioedema |
| Enalapril client instructions | report ADRs, change positions slowly, take 1 hr before meals |
| Enalapril contraindications and precautions | pregnancy, angioedema or allergy to ACE, hypotension (orthostatic), liver disease |
| Valsartan actions | ARB- blocks angiotensin 2 receptors, increased blood supply and oxygen to heart |
| Valsartan ADRs | hypotension, hepatic impairment, angioedema, CNS: headache, dizziness, insomnia, and hyperkalemia (>6) |
| Valsartan interventions | monitor BP, monitor CNS effects, monitor electrolytes (K), monitor LFT and RFT |
| Valsartan client instructions | report ADRs, avoid NSAIDS- lower effectivness |
| Valsartan contraindications and precautions | pregnancy, hepatic impairment, mood disturbances, angioedema or allergy |
| Amlodipine actions | CCB- blocks Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle (relaxes), causes peripheral vasodilation |
| Amlodipine ADRs | Dizziness, palpitations, swelling in legs/feet, low Plt, hypotension, hyperglycemia, gingival hyperplasia |
| Amlodipine interventions | monitor BP, HR, and edema |
| Amlodipine client instructions | report changes in HR, regular dental care, avoid grapefruit |
| Amlodipine contraindications and precautions | Allergy to nifedipine, use cautiously in older adults, hypotension, history of heart failure, renal or liver impairment |
| Metoprolol action | BB- blocks beta 1 receptors, results in decreased HR, contractility, and conduction |
| Metoprolol ADRs | bradycardia, heart failure, postural hypotension, rebound hypertension, hypoglycemia |
| Metoprolol interventions | monitor BP and HR, hold meds if HR <60 bpm, monitor for s/s of heart failure, consider comorbidities |
| Metoprolol client instructions | check BP and HR daily, change positions slowly, and do not stop taking medication abruptly |
| Metoprolol contraindications and precautions | asthma or COPD, moderate to severe heart failure, diabetics |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) action | Thiazide-Thiazide like diuretics: inhibits reabsorption of salt (NaCl), results in sodium and water excretion, loss of K (hypokalemia <3) |
| Hydrochlorothiazide ADRs | hypokalemia, fatigue, postural hypotension, dizziness, hyperglycemia |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Interventions | monitor BP and HR, asses K and electrolytes, assess blood sugar, assess urine output |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Client instructions | check HR and BP daily, change positions slowly, take in morning, weight daily, eat K rich foods |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Contraindications and precautions | renal failure, caution with diabetes |
| Hydralazine action | direct-acting vasodilator: vasodilators arterioles causing a decrease in BP |
| Hydralazine ADR | headache, dizziness, fatigue, weakness, reflex tachycardia |
| Hydralazine client instructions | monitor for ADRs, check HR and BP, check for edema, do not stop taking meds abruptly |
| Hydralazine interventions | monitor HR and BP, monitor for s/s of heat failure, hold med if SBP is <90 mmHg |
| hydralazine contraindications and precautions | stroke, renal or hepatic disease |
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