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Anatomy 1
Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Molecules are | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): | Cells |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | front and back |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | tissue |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | mitochondria |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles |
| The number of abdominal regions is: | NINE |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | transverse |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| Which bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | ZINC |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | peroxisomes |
| Which is considered a nonmembranous organelle? | Ribosome |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | caveolae |
| Main cell structures include all of the following: | organelles, plasma membrane, cytoplasm |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| The basic determinant of skin color is | melanin |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans |
| Adipose tissue is | storage tissue |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | reticular |
| Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartlidge |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | hypodermis |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | arrector pili muscle |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage |
| Spongy bone is characterized by | open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | osteons |
| The most common type of cartilage is | hyaline |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | patella |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid |
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ecortez16