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Chantal Ronco

Human Anatomy ( Study Set 1)

QuestionAnswer
What is anatomy? The study of the structure and relationships of body parts.
What is physiology? The study of how the body parts function and work together.
What are the six levels of structural organization in the body? Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
Describe the anatomical position. Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet slightly apart.
What is the difference between superior and inferior? Superior means toward the head; inferior means toward the feet.
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? Sagittal plane.
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts? Frontal (coronal) plane.
Which plane divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts ? Transverse plane.
What are the two major body cavities? Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity.
What are the three most important types of subatomic particles? Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.
What is a hydrogen bond? A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen).
What are the four major organic molecules essential to life? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the primary energy-carrying molecule in cells? ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things? The cell.
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell? The plasma (cell) membrane.
What is the function of the nucleus? It stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
What is the function of mitochondria? They produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration — the “powerhouse” of the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes? They synthesize proteins.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
What is the function of lysosomes? They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and damaged cell parts.
What is a tissue? A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
What are the four main types of tissues in the human body? Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What is the main function of epithelial tissue? It covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands for protection and secretion.
What is the main function of connective tissue? It supports, protects, and binds other tissues together.
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary, striated), and smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
What is the function of nervous tissue? To receive, transmit, and process nerve impulses for communication and control.
What are the two main layers of the skin? Epidermis and dermis.
What is the function of the epidermis? It provides a waterproof barrier and protects the body from the external environment.
What is the function of the dermis? It provides strength and elasticity, contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and glands.
What are the two main types of bone tissue? Compact bone and spongy bone.
What are the three major types of bone cells? Osteoblasts (build bone), osteocytes (maintain bone), and osteoclasts (break down bone).
What is the shaft of a long bone called? Diaphysis.
What is the end of a long bone called? Epiphysis.
What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system? Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
What bones make up the axial skeleton? Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton? Upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle (shoulder), and pelvic girdle (hips).
What is the function of the axial skeleton? It supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
What is the function of the appendicular skeleton? It enables body movement and interaction with the environment.
What connective tissue covers the outer surface of bones? Periosteum.
Created by: Cronco
 

 



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