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Zoey Bartling
Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Superior | towards the head |
| inferior | toward the feet |
| anterior | in front of |
| posterior | in back of |
| proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body or away from its midline. |
| distal | away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part. |
| sagittal plane | dividing to left and right |
| coronal plane | dividing back and front |
| transverse | dividing the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts |
| homeostasis | "standing or staying the same" Keeping the body at baseline |
| afferent | signal traveling towards a particular center or point of reference |
| efferent | Signaling moving away from point of reference |
| catabolism | describes chemical reactions that break down larger food molecules into smaller chemical units and, in doing, often release energy |
| Anabolism | Involves many chemical reactions that build larger and more complex xhemical molecules from smaller subunits. |
| acid | any substance that will release a hydrogen ion |
| base | alkaline compound, when dissasiciated in solution shift the h+/OH- balance in favor of OH |
| carbohydrates | compounds that provide the primary source of chemical energy needed by every body cell. |
| lipids | water-insoluble organic bio-molecules. |
| triglycerides | Fats that are the most abundant lipids and function as the bodys most concentrated source of energy. |
| protiens | have four elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. can be structural or functional |
| ribosomes | small particles assembled from two tuny subunits of rRNA and protien. (site of protein synthesis; a cells protein factory) |
| prostosomes | hollow protein cylinders with embedded enzymes |
| cytoskeleton | network of interconnecting flexible filaments,stiff tubules and molecular motors within the cell |
| Concentration gradient | moving from higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water through a semipermiable membrane. |
| enzymes | proteins that have chemical proteins |
| epithelial tissue | covers and protects the body surface, lines body cavities, specializes in moving substances into and out of the body or particular organ |
| connective tissue | functions to support the body and its parts, connect and hold them together, transport substances through the body and protect it from foreign envaders. |
| ostoclast | bone destroying cell |
| Fibrocartilage | strongest and most durable type of cartilage and serves as shock absorbers between adjacent vertebrae |
| skeletal muscle | makes up most muscle attatched to bones (organs we think of as our muscles. |
| smooth muscle | Found in the walls of the viscera (stomach,intestines,blood vessels) |
| Cardiac muscle | makes up wall of the heart |
| keratin | tough fibrous protein |
| melanocytes | contribute colored pigment to the skin and serve to decrease uv light that can penetrate to the deeper layer of the skin. |
| stratum basale/stratum germinativium | base layer (growth layer) |
| stratum spinosum | Spiny layer of the epidermis is formed from 8 to 10 layers of irregularly shaped cells with very prominant intercellular bridges or desmosomes. |
| Stratum granulosum | where the process of surface keratin formation begins. |
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