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Chamepaul Lee
SCI220-09 Human Anatomy Week 1-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Study of body structure | Anatomy |
| Study of the function of a living organism. | Physiology |
| Above or toward the head, such as the chest is to the abdomen. | superior |
| Away from the midline of the body, such as ears is to nose and hands are to chest. (W1) | Lateral |
| Toward the front of the body, such as chest is to spine and kneecap is to thigh bone. (W1) | Anterior |
| Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk (used for limbs) | Proximal |
| Further from the surface of the body, more internal such as bone to muscles and heart to rib cage. | Deep |
| Located on the anterior (front) side of the body and consist of thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity. | ventral cavity |
| Located above the diaphragm and contains the heart, lungs, and mediastinum | Thoracic Cavity |
| Located below the diaphragm and subdivided into abdominal and pelvic | Abdominopelvic Cavity |
| Located along the posterior (back) side of the body and protects the cranial cavity and spinal cavity and space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity. | Dorsal Body Cavity |
| Located inside the skull and contain the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Cranial Cavity |
| Runs within the vertebral column such as the spinal cord and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid and meninges | Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity |
| Anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one age | developmental anatomy |
| study of the external features of the body that are visible to the naked eye or can be felt through the skin. | surface anatomy |
| Study of the body by specific regions, examining all the structures—muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, organs, etc.—within a particular area of the body. | regional anatomy |
| Study of structural changes in body tissues and organs that are caused by disease. | pathological anatomy |
| posterior cavity | posterior cavity |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity- heart, spinal cord, liver, or urinary bladder? | spinal cord |
| The ________ system is involved in immunity. | lymphatic |
| A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. NaCl (table salt) – Sodium gives an electron to chlorine. | Ionic Bond |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms | Covalent Bond |
| A weak bond between a hydrogen atom (already bonded to a highly electronegative atom like O, N, or F) and another electronegative atom. Not a true bond like ionic or covalent—more of an attractive force. | Hydrogen Bond |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | eight protons. |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar |
| subatomic particles that carry a charge | Protons and electrons |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons | isotope. |
| An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a net electrical charge | ion |
| Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures or arrangements of atoms. | Isomer |
| A force that holds atoms together in molecules or compounds. | Bond |
| A force holding two atoms together | chemical bond |
| region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. These shells represent different energy levels, with each shell capable of holding a certain maximum number of electrons. | energy shell. |
| A type of lipid (fat) molecule. Helps stabilize the membrane's structure | Cholesterol |
| Form the basic structure of the cell membrane | Phospholipids |
| Proteins with carbohydrate chains attached. | Glycoproteins |
| Embedded in or attached to the membrane | protein |
| two main layers of the skin | Epidermis and Dermis. |
| the layer beneath the skin called, and made of | The hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) — made mostly of adipose (fat) and areolar connective tissue. |
| tissue makes up the epidermis | Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized). |
| two types of sweat glands | Eccrine (merocrine) and Apocrine glands. |
| collagen fibers (give flexibility, tensile strength) | Organic: |
| hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals) and other minerals (provide hardness) | inorganic |
| build bone (secrete matrix and promote mineralization) | Osteoblasts |
| mature bone cells, maintain bone tissue | Osteocytes |
| break down (resorb) bone | Osteoclasts |
| (pairs 1–7) attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage | True ribs |
| (pairs 8–10) attach indirectly (via cartilage of rib above) | False ribs |
| (pairs 11–12) do not attach to the sternum | Floating ribs |
| Humerus Radius and ulna (forearm) Carpals (wrist bones) Metacarpals (hand bones) Phalanges (finger bones) | upper limb |
| Femur Patella Tibia and fibula (lower leg) Tarsals (ankle) Metatarsals (foot) Phalanges (toes) | lower limb |
| typically broader with a wider pelvic inlet, shallower, and has a larger pubic arch angle to facilitate childbirth. | female pelvis |
| How are white blood cells classified? | Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes |
| Neutrophils | multi-lobed nucleus, phagocytize bacteria |
| Eosinophils | bilobed nucleus, combat parasites, involved in allergy |
| Basophils | release histamine/heparin, involved in inflammation |
| Lymphocytes | large nucleus, adaptive immunity |
| Monocytes | kidney-shaped nucleus, differentiate into macrophages |
| Structure of platelets | Small, anucleate cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes; contain granules with clotting factors and enzymes |
| significance of the Rh factor | Rh antigen (D antigen) presence determines positive (+) or negative (−) status; important in blood transfusion compatibility and hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| arteries of the coronary circulation | Left coronary artery (anterior interventricular/left anterior descending branch, circumflex branch), right coronary artery. |
| veins of the coronary circulation | Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, coronary sinus. |
Created by:
chamepaula_lee