What does the term Anatomy mean?

The study of the structure of the body

From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:

chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.

called cations if they have a positive charge.

The atomic number tells you the

number of protons in the nucleus.

An ionic bond is formed by:

a positive and a negative ion attracting each other

The octet rule refers to the:

stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.

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Brianda Cardenas

Anatomy Weeks 1-6

Question	Answer
What does the term Anatomy mean?	The study of the structure of the body
Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of?	organelles.
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life?	Balance
The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the:	mitochondria.
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:	chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n):	tissue.
Blood production is a function of which system?	Skeletal
A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions.	right and left
The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane.	transverse
In anatomical position the wrist is ___________ as compared to the elbow	inferior
The number of abdominal regions is:	9
The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:	cells.
Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n):	organ.
When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n):	tissue.
The lungs are located in the:	thoracic cavity.
A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: sagittal.	coronal.
What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface?	Superficial
Two major cavities of the human body are:	ventral/dorsal.
A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:	sagittal.
Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called	electrolytes.
What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells?	metabolism
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a:	synthesis reaction.
Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called:	covalent.
Electrolytes are:	called cations if they have a positive charge.
A force holding two atoms together is a(n)	chemical bond.
The most abundant element essential to life is	carbon.
An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n)	isotope.
release hydrogen ions.	Acids
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body?	96%
The atomic number tells you the	number of protons in the nucleus.
What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond?	hydrolysis
The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction.	synthesis
For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must:	lose an electron.
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water?	50%
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.	exchange
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share	electrons
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:	2.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:	solution becomes more acidic.
An example of an element would be:	Ne.
The kind of element is determined by the number of	protons.
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:	bases.
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?	Four
An ionic bond is formed by:	a positive and a negative ion attracting each other
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?	Helium
Atomic mass is determined by the number of:	protons and neutrons.
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):	electron.
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?	Decomposition
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
The octet rule refers to the:	stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?	Iron
The outer boundary of a human cell is called the	plasma membrane.
Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell?	centrosome
A major function of the cell membrane is to	control what enters and leaves the cell.
This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae.	mitochondria
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the	rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production?	mitochondrion
This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases.	lysosome
This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes.	peroxisome
Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:	desmosomes.
The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as:	plasma membrane.
Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called:	caveolae.
The fundamental organizational unit of life is the:	cell.
The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called:	microvilli.
ATP production occurs within which organelle?	Mitochondrion
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:	glycoprotein molecules.
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:	chromatin.
A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:	microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?	Golgi apparatus
The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:	rRNA.
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called:	cilia.
Adipose tissue is	a storage tissue.
The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands.	sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous
The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer.	reticular
Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?	stratum corneum
Which of the following contains osteocytes? striated muscle smooth muscle bone blood	bone
Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? bone muscle adipose cartilage	cartilage
Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the	arrector pili muscle.
The External Ear is composed of	elastic cartilage.
The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is	connective.
The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is	fibrocartilage.
Besides water, extracellular matrix contain	proteins and proteoglycans.
The two major categories of body membranes are	epithelial and connective.
Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the	epidermis.
Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities?	epithelial
The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the	basement membrane.
The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called	extracellular matrix.
The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes.	synovial
The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the	neuron.
Spongy bone is characterized by	open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures.
Which of the following is(are) not in the appendicular skeleton?	vertebrae
The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the	diaphysis.
The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the	periosteum.
Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? trabeculae fontanels sinuses sutures	fontanels
Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally?	fibula
Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. trapezium proximal distal thumb	thumb
Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle?	clavicle and scapula
Which of the following is a facial bone?	zygomatic bone
The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the	patella.
Where are the smallest bones in the body located?	Ears
Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the	sternum.
The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the	mandible.
Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? carpals tarsals metacarpals metatarsals	carpals
The extracellular components of bone matrix are	hard and calcified.
What structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position?	ligaments and tendons
Collagenous	fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage.
Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs?	Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum.
Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called	myeloid tissue.
The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the	lacrimal.
Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? vertebra tarsal femur clavicle	vertebra
Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? pubis ischium ilium coccygeal	pubis
Which of the following is not a type of bone? flat irregular short long regular	regular
If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a male. female.	female.
Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?	femur
The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the	radius and ulna.
Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull.	occipital
A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as	unipennate.
A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sidesis categorized as	bipennate.
The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle	tone
The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible.	parallel
In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi.	convergent
The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the	serratus anterior.
The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as	circular.
The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the	endomysium.
The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in	parallel.
The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the	transverse abdominis.
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the	fascia.
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the	calcaneal tendon.
The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the	origin.
Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be	extrinsic or intrinsic.
The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement.	agonist
Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane?	Transverse abdominis
Movement is one of the most distinctive and easily observed “characteristics of life.” True False	True
The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. True False	True
The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the:	triceps brachii.
Just as individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs of the muscular system. True False	True
A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the:	prime mover.
Muscles may be named according to:	function. direction of fibers. points of attachment.
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group?	Biceps femoris
The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class lever.	third
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:	endomysium.
The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is (are) the:	teres minor
The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the:	latissimus dorsi.
The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	spiral
The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	convergent
Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the:	perimysium.
There are more than 600 muscles in the body. True False	True
The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the:	trapezius
he origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?	Flexor
Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n):	muscle fiber.

Created by: briandac3245

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