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5.10B Vocabulary
Sedimentary Rock & Fossil Fuels
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cementation | the process whereby dissolved minerals form crusts around sediments, binding them together into rock |
| Coal | a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that can burn and is made from the compacted remains of plants that lived millions of years ago |
| Compaction | the process by which pressure compresses sediment together |
| Decomposition | the process in which dead organisms are broken down into simpler substances |
| Fossil Fuel | coal, oil, and natural gas formed when the remains of living organisms are subjected to intense heat and pressure underground over millions of years |
| Natural Gas | colorless, odorless gas found deep underground; often associated with oil deposits |
| Oil | naturally occurring, thick, dark, liquid fossil fuel found beneath Earth’s surface; can be refined into many different products such as gasoline, diesel and asphalt |
| Sedimentary Rock | rocks that form from sediment that is deposited, compacted, and cemented together |
| Renewable Resources | naturally replenished over a short period. (solar, wind, and biomass) |
| Non-Renewable Resources | exist in finite amounts and are used up faster than they can be formed. (fossil fuels) |
| Geologist | a scientist who studies Earth, including its rocks, minerals, and structure |