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chapter 3 vocab

cell structure and function

QuestionAnswer
Nucleus A cell is a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains DNA.
Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus.
Prokaryotes organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus.
Eukaryotes organisms with Eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to people.
Organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.
Viruses are tiny particles that may cause disease.
The plasma membrane is a thin coat of lipids that surrounds a cell.
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
Ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Phospholipid bilayer The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers, called phospholipids bilayer.
Cytoskeleton Crisscrossing the cytoplasm is a structure called the cytoskeleton ,which consists of thread like filaments and tubules.
Mitochondria is an organelle that makes energy available to the cell.
ATP is an energy-carrying molecule that is used almost universally inside cells for energy.
Endosymbiotic Theory The prokaryotes became permanent guests of the larger cells, as organelles inside them. This theory is called the endosymbiotic theory, and it is widely accepted by biologists today.
Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids.
Golgi apparatus is a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell.
Vesicles Vesicles are much smaller than vacuoles and have a variety of functions.
Cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell. it supports and protects the cell.
Central Vacuole This Vacuole can make up as much as 90% of the cell's volume.
Chloroplasts are plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. they capture light energy from the sun and use it to make food.
 

 



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