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500 Practicum
EDSPE 500: Behavioral Terminology Program
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Behavior | Measurable actions or physical functions including both saying and doing. |
| Rate | Count per unit of time. |
| Count | Number of times a behavior occurs. |
| Duration | Total extent of time a behavior occurs. |
| Latency | Time between onset of a stimulus and initiation of a response. |
| Positive Reinforcement | When a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior. |
| Negative Reinforcement | When a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of an aversive stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior. |
| Positive Punishment | When a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of an aversive stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior. |
| Negative Punishment | When a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior. |
| Stimulus Class | Group of stimuli that all evoke the same response. |
| Response Class | Group of responses that all produce the same effect on the environment. |
| Verbal Behavior | Behavior reinforced through social mediation of others. |
| Echoic | A verbal operant involving a vocal response evoked by a vocal stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence. |
| Mand | A verbal operant evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement. |
| Tact | A verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement. |
| Intraverbal | A verbal operant evoked by a verbal stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus. |
| Contingency | Specified dependency between a behavior and its antecedents and consequences. |
| Intermittent Reinforcement | Schedule of reinforcement in which only some occurrences of a behavior are reinforced. |
| Rule Governed Behavior | Behavior controlled by a verbally described contingency. |
| Contingency Shaped Behavior | Behavior learned and controlled through direct contact with consequences. |
| Extinction | Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior to reduce its occurrence. |
| Shaping | Differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior. |
| Premack Principle | Any high-probability activity may serve as a reinforcer for any low-probability activity. |
| Automatic Reinforcement | Reinforcement occurring independent of the social mediation of others. |
| Stimulus Control | An individual responds one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. |
| Prompt | Additional stimuli that increases the probability that the Sd will trigger a specific response. |
| Discriminative Stimulus | Stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced. |
| Behavioral Momentum | Responding to a series of high probability behaviors increases the likelihood of responding to a low probability behavior. |
| Stimulus Generalization | When a response conditioned to one stimulus is evoked by novel stimuli not used during conditioning. |
| Response Generalization | When an individual emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained response. |
| Motivating Operation | Environmental variable that alters the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and the frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus. |
| Behavioral Chain | Sequence of responses where each response serves as a reinforcer for the preceding response and an SD for the next |
| Differential Reinforcement | Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement for another. |
| Behavioral Contrast | When a procedure to decrease behavior under one condition leads to an increase in the same behavior under another condition. |
| Matching Law | Individuals will choose to engage in behavior that has the highest rate of reinforcement under a concurrent schedule of reinforcement. |
| Antecedent | An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest. |
| Consequence | A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest. |
| Chaining | Various methods for linking specific sequences of responses to form new responses. |
| Fading | A procedure for transferring stimulus control in which features of an antecedent stimulus are gradually changed to a new stimulus. |
| Token Economy | A behavior change system in which participants earn tokens for emitting target behaviors and exchange earned tokens for backup reinforcers. |
| Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following a constant amount of correct responses. |
| Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following an average amount of correct responses. |
| Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following the first correct response after a constant amount of time. |
| Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcement is delivered following the first correct response after an average amount of time. |
| Concurrent Schedule | A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors. |
Created by:
KylieAlder