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8th ES Study Guide

Earth Science Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
How long does it take light to travel one lightyear? One year.
How many stars are there in the Milky Way Galaxy? hundreds of billions
How many galaxies are there in the universe? billions
List the hierarchy of objects in space from largest to smallest. Universe, galaxies, solar systems, stars, planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, meteors
Which planet is most similar to Earth? Venus
What force keeps the solar system held in place? Gravity
Which two factors determine the luminosity (absolute brightness) of a star? Surface area (size) and temperature
What is apparent magnitude and which star appears to be the brightest from Earth? Apparent magnitude measures how bright a star appears from Earth. The sun is the brightest star from Earth because it's the closest.
What is a sunspot? Area on the sun with cooler temperature and a large amount of magnetic activity.
Give some characteristics of the inner planets. (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) Rocky surfaces and few or no moons
Give some characteristics of the outer planets. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) Larger, more massive, composed of gases, rings, many moons
What was the geocentric model of the solar system? How did it change? Geocentric = Earth at the center. Telescopes improved, giving better data. It is now the heliocentric model = sun at the center.
What causes seasons? Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun.
What causes tides? The gravitational pull of the moon (and somewhat of the sun) on Earth.
What are spring tides? What are neap tides? Spring = higher high tides & lower low tides (moon & sun aligned) Neap = high tide and low tide are less extreme (moon & sun at right angles)
What determines the moon phases? The position of the moon in its orbit around the Earth. New moon = Sun Moon Earth. Full moon = Sun Earth Moon.
What is a lunar eclipse? What is a solar eclipse? Lunar eclipse= moon blocked by earth's shadow (sun earth moon) Solar eclipse= sun blocked by moon (sun moon earth)
What are the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest? Radio wave, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray (Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-Ray Guns)
Which wavelength carries the most energy? Gamma
What is the visible spectrum of light? White light, which contains all the colors we can see: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. (ROYGBV)
Which wavelengths are often used to gather information about parts of space we cannot see? Infrared and X-Ray
What two factors affect the force of gravity? Mass and Distance
Created by: user-1930751
 

 



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