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Human anatomy

QuestionAnswer
are chemical messengers that are secreted directly to the blood stream by endocrine glands or specialized endocrine cells. Hormones
phenomenon called that makes the cell less-sensitive to the hormone. Down regulation
an effect which makes the cell more-sensitive to the hormones. Up Regulation
two major types of hormones? Lipid soluble and Water-soluble
Blood solubility of Lipid soluble? low
Blood solubility of water soluble? high
Size of lipid soluble? small
Size of water soluble? generally large
Source of lipid soluble? fatty acids
Source of water soluble? amino acids
What enzyme that breaks it down in the blood stream of lipid soluble? Hydrolytic Enzymes
What enzyme that breaks it down in the blood stream of water soluble? Proteases
On what organs that secreted the metabolites in lipid soluble kidney and liver
On what organs that secreted the metabolites in water soluble kidney
Examples of lipid soluble hormones steroid and thyroid hormones
Example of water soluble hormones catecholamines and peptide hormones
General types of hormones Steroid, Thyroid, Amine, and Peptide Hormones
What are the type of steroid hormones Sex Hormones and Adrenal Cortex Hormones
What are the type of sex hormones Estrogen, progesterone, and androgens
What are the types of adrenal cortex hormones aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens
What are the type of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine
What are the type of amine hormones Catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, and melatonin
what are the type of catecholamines hormones? epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
what are the type of peptide hormones? antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin; growth hormone and insulin
It regulates the rate of metabolism, the sum of the chemical changes that occur in tissues Endocrine system
It regulates the level of satiety (fullness) and the breakdown of food into individual nutrients. Endocrine system
It influences the development of tissues, such as those of the nervous system Endocrine system
It regulates the solute concentration of the blood. Endocrine system
It regulates water balance by controlling solutes in the bloods Endocrine system
It helps regulate the heart rate and blood pressure and helps prepare the body for physical activity. Endocrine system
It regulates the levels of blood glucose and other nutrients in the blood Endocrine system
It controls the development and functions of the reproductive systems in males and females. Endocrine system
It regulates uterine contractions during delivery and stimulates milk release from the breasts in lactating females Endocrine System
It helps control the production and functions of immune cells Endocrine System
What are the three types of stimuli results in hormone secretion humoral, neural, and hormonal
response to certain levels of substance in the blood. Humoral stimuli
response to an action potential and release neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides to stimulate endocrine cells. Neural stimuli
the hormone secreted by an endocrine gland stimulates the release of other hormones Hormonal stimuli
are produced from the anterior pituitary gland that causes other endocrine gland to release hormones Tropic hormones
A process that occurs to counteract the stimulating effect of three types of stimuli Humoral Inhibition, Neural Inhibition, and Hormonal Inhibition
opposes and counteract the effect of humoral stimulus Humoral inhibition
Inhibitory neurotransmitters prevents the endocrine gland from secreting its hormone Neural Inhibition
certain hormones blocks the release of other hormones. Hormonal Inhibition
Regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
Increased amounts of target gland hormones in the bloodstream decrease secretion of the same hormone and other hormones that stimulate its release. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
are ductless glands that directly secretes their products into the blood stream. Endocrine glands
Drains their secretions through a duct to the outside of the body or into a hollow organ Exocrine glands
produces hormones when stimulated by the nervous system or the level of certain hormones present in blood stream. hypothalamus
control center of the brain HYPOTHALAMUS
Major link between the nervous and endocrine systems. HYPOTHALAMUS
A pea-shaped structure that measures 1–1.5cm (0.5 in.) in diameter and lies in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone PITUITARY GLAND
The master gland? pituitary gland
PRODUCES eight hormones adenohypophysis
STORES two hormones. neurohypophysis
has five cell types that produce a specific hormone. Anterior pituitary gland
stores and release two hormones, produced by the hypothalamus. Posterior pituitary gland
A shield-shaped organs located inferior to the larynx. THYROID GLAND
what is the third lobe of thyroid gland? pyramidal lobe
Thyroid gland has two types of hormone producing cells. Follicular cells and Parafollicular cells
potent thyroxine Triiodothyronine
actual thyroxine Tetraiodothyronine
increase calcium absorption by stimulating osteoblasts in the bones. Calcitonin
Thyroid hormones are derived from iodine
are both regulated by the negative feedback system. Thyroxine and calcitonin
Four, small, round structures that are partially embedded in the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. PARATHYROID GLAND
is responsible for regulating the serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Parathormone
It increases the calcium resorption by stimulating osteoclast activity. PARATHYROID GLAND
stimulates the kindey to produce calcitriol (active vitamin D) that increases the absorption by calcium by the intestines. parathyroid hormone
have an antagonistic effect and are both regulated via negative feedback system as initiated by the serum calcium level. PTH and calcitonin
Two, flattened pyramidal glands located superior to each kidneys. ADRENAL GLAND
ADRENAL GLAND that divided in two part. adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
three one of adrenal cortex Zona Glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, and Zona Reticulata
has a direct control over the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine that enhance the effect of SNS. Autonomic Nervous System
Located in the first curve of the duodenum and is consist of head, tail, and body. PANCREAS
produce glucagon to increase glucose level in the blood and to stimulate insulin production. A (alpha) cells
produce insulin to increase glucose uptake of cells; thereby, lowering blood glucose level. It also inhibits glucagon production. B (beta) cells
produce somatostatin that inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion. It also slows down nutrients absorption in the intestines. D (delta) cells
produce pancreatic polypeptide which inhibits somatostatin secretion. F cells
are organs that produce gametes and secretes sex hormones. GONADS
synthesize testosterone testes
produce estrogen and progesterone ovaries
is responsible for development and function of the female reproductive organs and other female sexual characteristic Estrogen and progesterone
Testosterone has three main functions Regulates production of sperm cells, Promotes descent of testes before birth, and Responsible for secondary male characteristics such as broadening of shoulders, deepening of voice, and beard growth
A small, pinecone-shaped structure located superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain. PINEAL GLAND
It produces the hormone melatonin. PINEAL GLAND
A bilobed gland, roughly triangular in shape, located in the superior mediastinum, behind the sternum between the lungs. THYMUS
Created by: Starwitness
 

 



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