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Yveth Gonzalez

Human Anatomy weeks 1-5

QuestionAnswer
Anatomy vs. Physiology Anatomy studies structure; physiology studies how body parts function.
Levels of Organization Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
Homeostasis The body’s ability to maintain internal stability despite external changes.
Anatomical Position Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward — used as a reference for directional terms.
Major Body Cavities Dorsal (cranial & spinal) and Ventral (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic).
Elements Most Abundant in the Body Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen — make up ~96 % of body mass.
pH Scale Meaning Measures hydrogen-ion concentration; 7 = neutral, < 7 = acidic, > 7 = basic.
Function of Enzymes Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
Cell Membrane Function Controls passage of materials; maintains internal environment (selectively permeable).
Organelles and Functions Mitochondria → ATP production; Ribosomes → protein synthesis; Nucleus → genetic control center.
Mitosis Cell division that produces two identical diploid cells for growth and repair.
Four Main Tissue Types Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.
Epidermis vs. Dermis Epidermis = outer, avascular layer; Dermis = deeper, vascular connective-tissue layer.
Functions of the Skeletal System Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood-cell formation (hematopoiesis).
Bone Cell Types Osteoblasts = build bone, Osteoclasts = break down bone, Osteocytes = maintain bone tissue.
Created by: user-1990312
 

 



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