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Madilynn Larson
Anatomy Week 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is metabolism? | Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that happen inside your body to keep you alive. |
| What is catabolism? | Catabolism is the part of metabolism that breaks down larger molecules (like food) into smaller ones to release energy. |
| What is anabolism? | Anabolism is the opposite — it uses energy to build larger, more complex molecules from smaller ones. |
| What is pH? | pH stands for “potential of hydrogen.” It measures how acidic or basic (alkaline) a solution is. the pH scale goes from 0 to 14: 0–6.9 = Acidic (more hydrogen ions, H⁺) 7 = Neutral (like pure water) 7.1–14 = Basic or Alkaline (fewer hydrogen ions) |
| Why is pH important in the human body? | pH is important because it keeps the body’s chemical reactions working properly. If the pH becomes too acidic or too basic, cells, enzymes, and organs can’t function correctly, which can make you very sick. |
| What molecules are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often called sugars? | Carbohydrates. Your bodies fuel. |
| What do you call a sugar that is on its own? | A monosaccharide. |
| What molecules don't mix with water but are important for energy and cell parts? | Lipids |
| What molecules do almost everything in you body? | Proteins (think of them as multitaskers) |
| What are the tiny building blocks that lik up to form proteins? | Amino Acids |
| What is the main energy source for your bodies cells? | ATP |
| What is the bodies most basic level of organization? | The chemical level |
| What forms gel like cytoplasm? | organized atoms, molecules, and macromolecules |
| What are specialized components within a cell? | Organelles |
| What are the smallest units showing all life characteristics? | cells |
| What defines a cells structure? | A nucleus, cytoplasm, and a limiting membrane |
| What is a tissue? | Similar cells working together for a specific function |
| What surrounds tissue cells? | A non living extracellular matrix |
| What are the four primary tissue types? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, or nervous tissue |
| What is an organ? | Multiple tissues collaborating for a unique function |
| Are organs simple or complex units? | They are distinct, complex operational units |
| What is matter? | anything with mass that takes up space |
| What are elements? | Basic substances that cant be broken down |
| What identifies an element? | Its atomic number (number of protons) |
| What is the octet rule? | Atoms aim for 8 outer electrons for stability |
| What are isotopes? | Same element, different neutron count |
| What holds atoms together? | Chemical bonds (ionic, covalent) |
| What are hydrogen bonds? | Weaker attractions between polar molecules |
| What is metabolism? | Metabolism is how your body uses food to make energy. It includes all the chemical reactions that help you build things your body needs and break down food for fuel. |
| What are electrolytes? | Electrolytes are minerals in your body that carry an electric charge. They help your muscles work, keep your heart beating, and balance the amount of water in your body. |
| What defines an acid? | Releases H+ Ions (proton donor) |
| What defines a base? | Releases OH- or accepts H+ (proton acceptor) |
| What do buffers do? | Maintain constant pH in body fluids |
| What are a bones main roles? | Support, protection, movement, mineral storace, hematopoiesis |
| What are the two main bone types? | Compact (dense) and cancellous (spongy) |
| What cells build bone? | osteoblasts |
| What cells break down bone? | Osteoclasts |
| What are mature bone cells called? | Osteocytes |
| What is the structural unit of compact bone? | Osteon (Haversian system) |
| What fills the medullary cavity in adults? | Yellow marrow |
| What type of cartilage covers joint surfaces? | Hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) |
| Which hormone raises blood calcium? | PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
| Which hormone lowers blood calcium> | CT (calcitonin) |
| How do flat bones form? | Intramembranous ossification |
| How do most bones form? | Endochondral ossification (from cartilage model) |
| What structure allows long bones to grow in length? | Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) |
| What is the first step in fracture repair? | Formation of a fracture hematoma |
| What is red bone marrows role? | Blood cell production (hematopoiesis) |
| What is the shaft of a long bone called? | Diaphysis |
| What is the dense outer bone layer called? | Compact bone |
| What are the soft spots on a babies skull? | Fontanels |
| Which bone doesn't connect to others? | Hyoid bone |
| How many true ribs do we have? | 7 Pairs |
| What is the longes and heaviest bone? | Femur |
| What is the skulls only movable joint? | Mandible (lower jaw) |
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