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Raeoni N
SCI 220-06 Anatomy Set 1
| Definitions/Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anatomy ? | The study pf the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Week 1 |
| What is physiology? | The study of the function of body parts and how they work together. Week 1 |
| What are the levels of structural organization? | Chemical , Cellular , Tissue , Organ , Organ system , organism Week 1 |
| What are the major organ systems | Integumentary , Skeletal , Muscular , Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary , Reproductive Week 1 |
| What are the necessary life functions/processes? | Movement , responsiveness , digestion , metabolism, excretion , reproduction , growth , maintaining boundaries Week 1 |
| Define Homeostasis | The body's self regulating process to maintain a stable environment Week 1 |
| What is positive feedback ? | A mechanism that reinforces a change Week 1 |
| What is a atom | The smallest unit of an element that retains chemical properties Week 2 |
| Covalent Bond | Sharing Electrons week 2 |
| Ionic Bond | The transfer of electrons forming ions week 2 |
| What is an electrolyte ? | A substance that dissociates into ions in a solution Week 2 |
| What is pH ? And on average what is the pH of blood ? | pH is the measure of hydrogen ions in a concentration Blood has a pH of around 7.35-7.45 Week 2 |
| What are four classes of biomolecules? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids |
| Amino Acid | A basic monomer of a protein Week 2 |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A reaction that joins monomers by removing water Week 2 |
| Hydrolysis | A reaction that break polymers into monomers by adding water Week 2 |
| What is the plasma cell membrane composed of ? | A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins , cholesterol , and glycoproteins Week 3 |
| Nucleus | The control center of a cell Contains DNA Week 3 |
| Types of RNRA | mRNA (messenger) tRNA ( transfer) rRNA ( ribosomal ) Week 3 |
| Mitochondrion | Powerhouse of the cell Produces ATP through cellular respiration Week 3 |
| Endocytosis | Bringing material into a cell Week 3 |
| Exocytosis | Removing material out of a cell Week 3 |
| Rough ER | Has ribosomes Conducts protein synthesis Week 3 |
| Smooth ER | Conducts lipid synthesis and detoxification Week 3 |
| Lysosomes | Organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down waste Week 3 |
| What is the role of cytoskeleton ? | Maintain cell shape , enables movement , transports within cell Week 3 |
| What are the four basic tissue types ? | Epithelial , connective, muscle , and nervous Week 4 |
| Functions of epithelial tissue | Protection , absorption , secretion , filtration , and sensory reception Week 4 |
| What is connective tissues composition ? | Cells and fibers and ground substance Week 4 |
| Loose connective tissue | Loose has more ground substance and less fibers Week 4 |
| Dense connective tissue | More fibers and stronger than loose Week 4 |
| What are the layers of the skin | Epidermis , Dermis , and Hypodermis Week 4 |
| What tissue is the epidermis made of ? | Stratified squamous epithelium Week 4 |
| Functions of the Skin | Protection, thermoregulation , sensation , Vitamin D synthesis , and Excretion Week 4 |
| Papillary layer | Loose connective tissue , capillaries , touch receptors Week 4 |
| Reticular layer | Dense irregular connective tissue and collagen fibers Week 4 |
| What are the two types of bone ? | Compact bone and spongy bone Week 5 |
| Compact bone | Hard outer layer of bones that provide strength and protection to the skeleton Week 5 |
| Spongy bone | Porous bone found in the ends of long bones , vertebrae and skull Week 5 |
| What is an osteon ? | The structural unit of compact bone Week 5 |
| Osteoblasts | Build bone Week 5 |
| Osteocytes | Maintain bone Week 5 |
| Osteoclasts | Break down bone Week 5 |
| Intramembranous ossification | Bone forms directly from the mesenchyme Week 5 |
| Endochondral | Bone replaces cartilage Week 5 |
| Major bones in the axial skeleton | Skull bones , vertebrae , ribs , sternum , hyoid Week 5 |
| Major bones in the appendicular skeleton | Limbs , pectoral girdle , pelvic girdle Week 5 |
| What is the epiphyseal plate ? | The growth plate in long bones Week 5 |
| Skeleton functions | Support , protection , movement , mineral storage , blood cell formation Week 5 |
| Origin of a muscle | Fixed attachment (less movable ) Week 6 |
| Insertion of a muscle | More movable attachment Week 6 |
| What are the muscles used for facial expressions ? | Orbicularis oculi , obicularis oris , zygomaticus , etc Week 6 |
| Major muscles of mastication | Masseter , temporalis , medial and lateral pterygoids Week 6 |
| Axial muscles of the trunk ( anterior and posterior ) | Rectus abdominis, external oblique , erector spinae group , and latissimus dorsi Week 6 |
| Major muscles of upper limb | Biceps brachii , triceps brachii , deltoid , brachialis , forearm flexors/extensors Week 6 |
| Major muscles of lower limbs | Quadriceps group , hamstrings , gluteus maximus/medius , gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior Week 6 |
| Prime mover | Main muscle producing a movement Week 6 |
| Antagonist | Opposes Week 6 |
| Synergist | Assists Week 6 |
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raeonin