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water vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Surface tension | is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible |
| solvent | is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical |
| Specific heat | of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance |
| Evaporation | is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase |
| condensation | reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule |
| Freezing | is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its |
| Melting, | or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy |
| Boiling | or ebullition is the rapid phase transition from liquid to gas or vapor; the reverse of boiling is condensation |
| Capillary action | The movement of a liquid along the surface of a solid caused by the attraction of molecules of the liquid to the molecules of |
| universal solvent | It was supposed to be capable of dissolving any composite substance, including gold |
| mechanical weathering | is the process of breaking down bedrock into smaller fragments by physical as opposed to chemical means. Rock weathering, although it ... |
| Chemical weathering | The former involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through such mechanical effects as heat, water, ice |
| Erosion | that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust |
| Sediment | is a solid material made of loose particles that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the |
| Deposition | is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase |
| Mass movement | is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs |
| Deflation | occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% and becomes negative. While inflation reduces the value of currency over time, deflation increases it |
| sand dune | is composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. |
| Loess | a deposit of very fine-grained, windblown sediment, primarily silt, that accumulates on the Earth's surface |
| Runoff | the flow of water that occurs when excess precipitation or water use drains from a land surface, rather than soaking into the ground |
| Stream | the scientific study of streams and other bodies of flowing water to understand their physical characteristics, processes, and interactions with the surrounding landscape |
| Tributary | a stream or river that flows into a larger stream, a main stem river, or a lake, rather than flowing directly into a sea or ocean |
| Flood plain | a flat or gently sloping area of land adjacent to a river, lake, or other body of water that is periodically inundated with water |
| Delta | a triangular or fan-shaped created at the mouth of a river where it deposits sediment into a larger body of water, like an ocean or lake |
| Alluvial fan | fan-shaped deposit of sediment and debris that forms where a fast-flowing stream or mountain river emerges onto a wider, flatter valley or plain |
| Groundwater | the scientific study of water that exists beneath the surface of the Earth, stored in geological formations called aquifers |
| Glacier | the study of glaciers—large, perennial masses of ice that form on land from compacted snow and move under their own weight and gravity |
| Continental glacier | a large, thick, and continuous mass of glacier ice covering a vast area of land, typically over 50,000 square kilometers |
| Ice age | a prolonged period of significantly lower global temperatures that causes the expansion of continental ice sheets and alpine glaciers |
| Valley glacier | a long, tongue-shaped mass of ice that forms in mountainous regions and flows downhill through a valley, often following the course of a preexisting river |
| Plucking | a glacial erosion process where a glacier's weight and movement cause bedrock fragments to break off and become incorporated into the ice, which then transports them downslope to be deposited elsewhere |
| Till | an unsorted and deposit of sediment left directly by glacial ice, characterized by a mixture of particle sizes from clay to boulders, with no sorting by size or layering |
| Long shore drift | the process of sediment transport along a coast in a zigzag pattern, driven by waves approaching the shoreline at an angle |
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