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genetic unit vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passage of biological traits and characteristics from parents to offspring through the inheritance of genes |
| Trait | a genetically determined characteristic. |
| Genetics | the genetic properties or features of an organism, characteristic, etc |
| Fertilization | the essential process in sexual reproduction where a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) fuse to form a single, diploid cell called a zygote, marking the beginning of a new organism's development |
| Purebred | an organism whose parents and ancestors for many generations all belong to the same recognized breed or strain, resulting in a consistent and true-to-type phenotype (observable traits) and genetic makeup. |
| gene | the fundamental unit of heredity, a segment of DNA containing the instructions for a specific trait or body function. |
| allele | a different version or variation of a gene located at a specific position (locus) on a chromosome. |
| dominant allele | a variant of a gene that expresses its associated trait in the phenotype even when only one copy is present in an organism's genotype, masking the effect of a recessive allele. |
| recessive allele | a gene variant whose trait only appears when two copies are inherited, one from each parent, and its effect is masked by a dominant allele in a heterozygote individual |
| hybrid | the offspring of sexual reproduction between two different individuals from distinct breeds, varieties, species, or genera. |
| punnett square | a diagram used in genetics to predict the probability of an offspring inheriting a particular genotype from a cross between two parents. |
| phenotype | an organism's observable characteristics, such as its physical appearance, biochemical properties, and behavior. |
| genotype | the full genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the set of inherited alleles present in its DNA. |
| homozygous | |
| heterozygous | |
| incomplete dominance | |
| codominance | |
| multiple alleles | |
| polygenic inheritance | |
| messenger rna | |
| transfer rna | |
| mutation | |
| sex chromosomes | |
| sex-linked gene | |
| carrier | |
| genetic disorder | |
| pedigree | |
| karyotype | |
| selective breeding | |
| inbreeding | |
| hypridization | |
| clone | |
| genetic engineering | |
| gene therepy | |
| genome | |
| ethics | |
| meiosis | |
| crossing over | |
| zygote | |
| gametes | |
| protein sythesis | |
| autosomal cromosomes |
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