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Unit 2 Africa
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms bonded together |
| Organelle | A cell part, does a job for the cell |
| Tissue | Groups of cells with the same function (job) |
| Organ | Two or more tissues that work together to complete a specific task/job |
| Organ System | A group of organs that carries out a set of functions |
| Organism | An individual living thing |
| Population | A group of one type of organism (all the SAME species) |
| Community | All the populations in an area (multiple species) |
| Ecosystem | The community plus the nonliving things in a area. |
| Biome | A group of similar ecosystems (similar climate, plants, and animals) |
| Biosphere | All the areas of Earth that contain living things. |
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism. Represented with letters Pp |
| Phenotype | Physical appearance of an organism (What they look like) |
| Karyotype | Number and visual appearance of chromosomes |
| Chromosomes | Coiled structures made of DNA and proteins |
| Homologous Chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes One from Mother one from Father that have same sequence of genes for the same trait. |
| Chromatin | Chromosomes in network. Not ready to divide. |
| Gene | A segment of DNA |
| Allele | Different versions of the same gene |
| Homozygous | Both alleles are the same (PP) |
| Heterozygous | Different alleles (Pp) |
| Adenine | One of the four building blocks of DNA and RNA. Pairs with thymine. |
| Cytosine | one of the four building blocks of DNA and RNA. Pairs with Guanine |
| Guanine | one of the four building blocks of DNA and RNA. Pairs with Cytosine |
| Double Helix | the structure of DNA, which consists of two long strands that twist around each other like a twisted ladder |
| Genetic Diversity | the variety of genes within a species' population, meaning it's the differences in DNA among individuals |
| Nucleic Acid | complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information in all living organisms |
| Locus | the specific, fixed physical location of a gene on a chromosome |
| DNA | the molecule in cells that carries genetic instructions for the development and function of all living organisms |
| Amino Acid | building blocks of proteins |
| Biomass | organic material from plants and animals that contains stored energy |
| Bond (Chemical Bond) | a lasting attraction between atoms that holds them together to form molecules or compounds |
| Carbohydrate | A large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose |
| Carnivore | Consumers that eat other consumers (meat-eaters) |
| Cellulose | the main substance that forms the cell walls of plants, giving them structure and stiffness |
| Consumer | Organisms that obtain their food from other organisms |
| Digestion | the process of breaking down food into smaller parts that the body can use for energy and growth. |
| Element | A substance that CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances. O, H, C |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change. |
| Esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. |
| Herbivore | Consumers that eat producers (plant-eater) |
| Large Intestine | Large Intestine |
| Lipid/Fat | a group of fatty, waxy, or oily organic compounds that are insoluble in water. |
| Macromolecule | chemical compounds found in living organisms. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (fats) Nucleic acids |
| Niche | a specialized area, whether it's a comfortable position in life, a specific market, or a species' role in an ecosystem. |
| Nitrate | A nitrate is a chemical compound made of nitrogen and oxygen |
| Nitrite | A compound containing nitrogen and oxygen, with one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms |
| Omnivore | An organism that eats both plants and animals |
| Producer | Organisms that make their own food |
| Protein | Complex organic compounds that play crucial roles in living organisms. They are composed of amino acids |
| Small Intestine | A long, narrow tube-like organ in the digestive system that receives partially digested food from the stomach and absorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes into the bloodstream. |
| Stomach | A muscular, J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen that plays a crucial role in the digestive process |
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