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Ch. 3.
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| eukaryote | organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to people. |
| nucleus | a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains DNA. |
| eukaryotic cell | Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. They are usually larger than prokaryotic cells and are found in multicellular organisms. |
| prokaryote | Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes, such as bacteria. They were the first type of organism to evolve and still the most common organisms today. |
| prokaryotic cells | are cells without a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. |
| ribosomes | are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made. |
| virus | Viruses are tiny particles that may cause disease. Human diseases caused by viruses may include the common cold or flu. |
| cytoplasm | refers to all the cellular material inside the plasma membrane. Cytoplasm is made up of a watery substance called cytosol and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes. |
| organelle | An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell. |
| plasma membrane | (also called the cell membrane) is a thin coat of lipids that surrounds a cell. It forms the physical boundary between the cell and its environment, so you can think of it as the “skin” of the cell. |
| ATP | an energy-carrying molecule that is used almost universally inside cells for energy. |
| cell wall | a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell. |
| central vacuole | Most mature plant cells have a large central vacuole. This vacuole can make up as much as 90% of the cell’s volume. The central vacuole has a number of functions, including storing substances such as water, enzymes, and salts. |
| chloroplast | are plastids that contain the green pigment called chlorophyll. They capture light energy from the sun and use it to make food. |
| cytoskeleton | the cytoskeleton is like a cellular “skeleton.” It helps the cell maintain its shape and also holds cell organelles in place within the cytoplasm. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). |
| endosymbiotic theory | The larger cells provided the smaller prokaryotes with a place to live. In return, the larger cells got extra energy from the smaller prokaryotes. Eventually, the prokaryotes became permanent guests of the larger cells, as organelles inside them. |
| Golgi apparatus | is a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell. |
| mitochondria | is an organelle that makes energy available to the cell, which is also why its referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. |
| phospholipid bilayer | The plasma membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, which consist of fatty acids and alcohol. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. |
| vacuole | Both vesicles and vacuoles are sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell. |
| vesicle | Both vesicles and vacuoles are sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell. Vesicles are much smaller than vacuoles and have a variety of functions. |
Created by:
alvarlia