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Contents 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anatomy? | The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts |
| What is physiology? | The study of how body parts function and work together |
| What are the levels of structural organization in the body from smallest two largest? | Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. |
| What is homeostasis? | The body’s ability to maintain stable internal condition, despite external changes |
| What is the anatomical position? | Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides with palms facing |
| What are the three main body parts? | Digital meaning left and right frontal meaning front and back and transverse meeting top and bottom |
| What are the two main body cavities? | Dorsal, which includes the cranial and spinal and ventral, which includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic |
| What is the difference between superior and inferior? | Superior meaning above and inferior meaning below |
| What does anterior and posterior mean? | Anterior meaning front and posterior meaning back |
| What are the four abdominal quadrants used for? | To help locate pain organs or abnormalities in the abdomen |
| What are the four main elements in the human body? | Oxygen carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen |
| What is an atom? | The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
| What are the three subatomic particles? | Protons, neutrons and electrons |
| What is a molecule? | Two or more atoms |
| What are the types of chemical bonds? | Ionic covalent and hydrogen bonds |
| What is a compound? | A substance made of two or more different elements |
| What is the difference between ancids and bases? | Acid release H plus ions basis release OH minus ions |
| What is a pH scale? | Measures acidity or alkalinity ranges from zero acidic to 14 basic |
| What are the four main organic molecules in the body? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| What is a ATP and why is it important? | Ad tries phosphate provides energy for cellular processes |
| What is cell theory? | All living things are made of cells are the basic unit of life cells come from pre-existing cells |
| What does the cell membrane do? | Controls what enters and leaves the cell provide provides protect protection structure |
| What is cytoplasm? | The fluid that fills the cell and hold organelles in place |
| What is the nucleus? | The control center of the cell that contains DNA |
| What does the mitochondria do? | Produces energy ATP for the cell through cellular respiration |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | A network for transporting materials rough ER makes protein smoothie R makes lipids |
| What does the goalie apparatus do? | Modify sorts and packages proteins for transport |
| What are lysomes? | Organisms that break down waste and cellular debris |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of molecules from a high to low concentration without energy |
| What is active transport? | The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, using energy ATP |
| What are the four main tissue types? | Epithelial, connective muscle and nervous tissue |
| What does epithelial tissue do? | Covers body surfaces, lines, organs, and forms glands |
| What is connective tissues main function? | Supports protects and binds other tissues together |
| What are the three types of muscles tissue? | Skeletal, cardiac and smooth |
| What does nervous tissue do? | Transmit electrical signals for communication and control |
| What are the three main layers of the skin? | Epidermis dermis, and subcutaneous hypo |
| What protein makes the skin tough and waterproof? | Keratin |
| What pigment give skin is color? | Melanin |
| What are the two main functions of the skin? | Protection and temperature regulation |
| What are the five layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial? | Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum (only in thick skin), corneum. |
| What are the two types of bone tissue? | Compact bone and spongy bone |
| What is the main function of osteoblast? | Builds new bone tissue |
| What is the function of osteocyte? | Maintain bone tissue and communicate with other bone cells |
| What is the diathesis of a long bone? | The shaft or central part of the bone |
| What is the epiphysis? | The ends of a long bone that contains spongy bone and red bone marrow |
| What covers the outer surface of the bone? | The periosteum |
| What are the two divisions of the skeleton? | Axial, which includes the spine and ribs and the appendicular, which includes the limbs and pelvis |
| What are the main functions of a skeletal system? | Support protection movement mineral storage and blood cell production |
| What is classification? | The process of bone formation from cartilage or connective tissue |
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