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Bio 2.1-2.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Cells control center, holds genetic material |
| ER | network of membrane tubes within the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells that increases efficiency of metabolic reactions, provides mechanical support, intracellular transport, secretory pathway. |
| Rough ER | contains ribosomes attached to membrane |
| Smooth ER | no ribosomes, functions: detoxification and lipid synthesis |
| Golgi Body | series of flattened membrane bound sacs (cisternae) found in Eukaryotes. Involved in correct folding and chemical modification of newly made proteins and packaging for protein trafficking. Proteins move through Golgi’s sacs as vesicles. |
| Mitochondria | produced ATP energy that Eukaryotic cells can fuse for cellular work. Captures energy from macromolecules. Double Membrane provides compartments for different metabolic reactions. Folding of the Inner Membrane increases the surface area, which allows for |
| Lysosomes | membrane enclosed sacs found in some Eukaryotic cells containing hydrolytic enzymes. Enzymes can be used to digest a variety of materials (damaged cell parts or macromolecules) or apoptosis. |
| Vacuoles | play a variety of roles ranging from water storage, macromolecule storage and release of waste from cells. Also turgor pressure pushes out on the cell membrane and cell wall. |
| Chloroplasts | captures light energy from the sun and produces sugar for the organism. Photosynthetic algae and plants. Has a double outer membrane. |
| Organelle Order For Endomembrane System- | Ribosomes: make proteins ER: transports proteins Golgi Apparatas: packages and exports proteins |
| Importance Of 2nd Menbrane | Double Membrane provides compartments for different metabolic reactions. (mitochondria and chloroplasts) |
| Importance of high SA:V ratio- | Smaller cells typically have higher SA:V ratio and have more efficient exchange of materials (oxygen & nutrients in, heat/waste & CO2 out) As cells increase in volume, surface area decreases makinh it difficult for larger cells to exchange material |
| Specialized cell structures that help increase surface area- | membrane folding increases surface area EX 1: Stomata in plant leaves allows for exchange of molecules in and out of cell, stomata will open in humid air conditions EX 2: root hairs on surface of plant roots which increases water and nutrient absorptio |
| Peripheral Proteins- | loosely bound to the surface of membrane. Hydrophilic with charged and polar side groups allowing it to interact. Used for communication. |
| Integral Proteins- | Span the whole or partial parts of the membrane. Both hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (non-polar), determined by location. Used for molecular |
| Phospholipids | they are both phobic and philic, head is polar while fatty acid tail is non polar, they spontaneously form a bilayer in aqueous environments |
| Cholesterol | regulates bilayer fluidity under different environmental conditions (temp changes) |
| Glycoproteins | 1 or more carbohydrate attached to membrane protein, identifies the cell type allowing it to bind to other cells |
| Glycolipids | lipid with carbohydrate attached |
Created by:
27purdya