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PHI 322
Judaism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 722 BC | fall of Samaria / Isreal |
| 587 | fall of jerusalem / destruction of the 1st temple |
| 537 | return from exile and rebuilding of the temple |
| 166 | maccabean revult / miracle of chanukah |
| 70 AD | destruction of the 2nd temple |
| 1948 | creation of the state of israel |
| Pharisees | rabbis, scribes, and interpreters - lead to the talmud |
| sadducees | priests who focused on the rituals of the temple and accepted Hellenism |
| Essenes | monastic and strict people who discovered the dead sea scrolls |
| Zealots | nationalists and those who attacked Jewish elites |
| Ashkenazi | Jews from Germany who speak Yiddish |
| Sephardi | Jews from Spain, comprised most of the early jewish americans |
| Kabbalism | Jewish mysticism, centered around the Zihar, and the 10 attributes of God |
| Hasidism | founder was Baal Shem Tov and emphasizes joy, emotions, and closeness to God |
| Satmar Hasidism | largest branch of Hasidism in the USA today |
| orthodox | follows strict obedience to the TOraj |
| COnservative | follows an adaptation to the Torah |
| Reform Judaism | rejection of the Torah as binding (Judaism more as a cultural identity) |
| Kashrut | dietary laws |
| prayers | Tefillah |
| Mikveh | ceremonial bath (mostly for women) |
| Tefillin | scripture box worn on the forehead |
| payot | sidlocks |
| kippot | skull cap |
| Tallitot | prayer shawl |
| TzitTzit | 4 corner tassels |
| Mezuzah | parchment for the doorway |
| building a fence around the law | "protecting the law from human trespass by taking the most rigorous interpretation of the law |
| jewish calendar | follows the lunar cylce, but has to be synchronized with the sun |
| Rosh Hashanah | Jewish new year |
| days of awe | 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur meant for reflection and asking for forgiveness |
| yom kippur | day of atonement, meant for repentance between you and God |
| Sukkot | festival of booths |
| Hanukkah | miracles of lights, commemorating rededication of the temple |
| purim | festival for esther, sharing of a meal and donating money |
| Passover / Pesach | sedar meal and commemorates the beginning of the Exodus |
| shavuot | festival of weeks |
| Tanakh | Torah and Nev and KEtuvim (law+prophets+writings) |
| Torah | Pentatuch (core law and teaching) |
| Mishnah | compilation of oral Torah - ethical and ritual teachings |
| Gemara | commentary and analysis of the Mishnah |
| Talmud | Gemara + Mishnah |
| Halakah | Jewish law dreived from other jewish texts |
| Haggadah | nonlegal literature stories for jewish moral guidance |
| Kabbalah | jewish mystucal tradition / exploration of the soul |
| Zohar | central text of the Habbalah, mystical commentary on Torah |
| 13 principles from Maimonides / RamBam | all about God, torah, etc |
| 7 laws of Noah | only 1 is positive (requires action) |
| 613 | the number of Jewish mitzvot (Laws) |
| yad | pointer for the torah |
| yahrzeit | anniversary of a death |
| YHWH | tetragrammaton |
| Baal Shem Tov | founder of Chassidic Judaism |
| midrash | the exposition of scripture |
| sabbatai zvi | a false messiah who ultimately converted to islam |
| Sukkah | a tent or temporary dwelling |
| Western Wall | the only remaining structure of the 2nd temple left |
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