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Oral Hist/Embryology
Oral Histology and Embryology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alveolar crest | Highest point of the alveolar ridge. |
| Alveolar socket | Cavity within the alveolar process that surrounds the root of a tooth. |
| Anatomical crown | Portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel. |
| Apex | Tapered end of each root tip. |
| Apical foramen | Natural opening in the root. |
| Cementoblasts | Cells that form cementum. |
| Cementoclasts | Cells that resorb cementum. |
| Cementum | Specialized, calcified connective tissue that covers the anatomic root of a tooth. |
| Clinical crown | That portion of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity. |
| Conception | Union of the male sperm and the female ovum. |
| Coronal pulp | Part that lies within the crown portion of the tooth. |
| Cortical plate | Dense outer covering of spongy bone that makes up the central part of the alveolar process. |
| Dental lamina | Thickened band of oral epithelium that follows the curve of each developing arch. |
| Dental papilla | Gingivae between the teeth. |
| Dental sac | Connective tissue that envelops the developing tooth. |
| Dentin | Hard portion of the root that surrounds the pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the root. |
| Dentinal fiber | Fibers found in dentinal tubules. |
| Dentinal tubules | Microscopic canals found in dentin. |
| Deposition | The process by which the body adds new bone. |
| Embryo | An organism in the earliest stages of development. |
| Embryology | The study of prenatal development. |
| Embryonic | Stage of human development that occurs from the beginning of the second week to the end of the eighth week. |
| Enamel lamellae | Thin, leaflike structures that extend from the enamel surface toward the detinoenamel junction and consist of organic material with little mineral content. |
| Enamel organ | Part of a developing tooth destined to produce enamel. |
| Enamel spindles | The ends of odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells) that extend across the detinoenamel junction a short distance into the enamel. |
| Enamel tufts | The hypocalcified or uncalcified ends of groups of enamel prisms that start at the detinoenamel junction and may extend to the inner third of the enamel. |
| Exfoliation | The normal process of shedding the primary teeth. |
| Fetal period | Stage of human development that starts at the beginning of the ninth week and ends at birth. |
| Fibroblast | Type of cell in connective tissue responsible for the formation of the intercellular substance of pulp. |
| Gestation | Stage of human development that starts at fertilization and ends at birth. |
| Histology | The study of the structure and function of body tissues on a microscopic level. |
| Hunter-Schreger bands | Alternating light and dark bands in the enamel that are produced when enamel prisms intertwine or change direction. |
| Hydroxyapatite | Mineral compound that is the principal inorganic component of bone and teeth. |
| Hyoid arch | The second branchial arch, which forms the styloid process, stapes of the ear, stylohyoid ligament, and part of the hyoid bone. |
| Lamina dura | Thin, compact bone that lines the alveolar socket; also known as the cribriform plate. |
| Lining mucosa | Mucous membrane that covers the inside of the cheeks, vestibule, lips, soft palate, and underside of the tongue and acts as a cushion for underlying structures. |
| Mandibular arch | The lower jaw. |
| Masticatory mucosa | Oral mucosa that covers the hard palate, dorsum of the tongue, and gingiva. |
| Meiosis | Reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes. |
| Modeling | Bone changes that involve deposition and resorption of bone and occur along articulations as they increase in size and shape to keep up with the growth of surrounding tissues; also known as displacement. |
| Odontoblasts | Cells that form dentin. |
| Odontogenesis | Formation of new teeth. |
| Osteoblasts | Cells that form bone. |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that resorb bone. |
| Periodontium | Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth. |
| Preimplantation period | Stage of development that occurs during the first week after fertilization. |
| Prenatal development | Stage of human development that starts at pregnancy and ends at birth. |
| Primary cementum | Cementum that covers the root of the tooth and is formed outward from the cementodentinal junction for the full length of the root. |
| Primary dentin | Dentin that forms before eruption and that makes up the bulk of the tooth. |
| Primary palate | The shelf that separates the oral and nasal cavities. |
| Prism | A calcified column or rod. |
| Pulp chamber | The space occupied by pulp. |
| Radicular pulp | The other portion of pulp known as root pulp. |
| Remodeling | Growth and change in shape of existing bone that involves deposition and resorption of bone. |
| Resoroption | The body’s processes of eliminating existing bone or hard tissue structure. |
| Secondary cementum | Cementum that is formed on the apical half of the root; also known as cellular cementum. |
| Secondary dentin | Dentin that forms after eruption and continues at a very slow rate throughout the life of the tooth. |
| Secondary palate | The final palate formed during embryonic development. |
| Specialized mucosa | Mucous membrane on the tongue in the form of lingual papillae, which are structures associated with sensations of taste. |
| Stomodeum | The primitive mouth. |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Layers of flat, formed epithelium. |
| Striae of Retzius | Incremental rings that represent variations in deposition of the enamel matrix during tooth formation. |
| Succedaneous | Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth. |
| Tertiary dentin | Dentin that forms in response to irritation and appears as a localized deposit on the wall of the pulp chamber; also known as reparative dentin. |
| Tooth buds | Enlargements produced by the formation of dental lamina. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg. |
| Ameloblasts | Cells that form enamel. |
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chloemaligsa