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Western Civ.
Chapter 6 & 7
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| An elite military unit established by Emperor Augustus as the personal bodyguard for Roman emperors. | Praetorian Guard |
| A prominent Roman poet, best known for the "Aeneid," an epic poem that glorifies Rome’s origins and Augustan values. | Virgil |
| A leading Roman lyric poet famous for his odes and satires, often celebrating the simple pleasures of life and Roman ideals. | Horace |
| A Roman poet noted for his "Metamorphoses," a narrative poem rich in mythological transformations, and his influence on Western literature. | Ovid |
| A Roman historian who wrote a detailed history of Rome, emphasizing the moral lessons and legendary foundations of Rome’s past. | Livy |
| A Stoic philosopher and statesman who taught ethics and self-control and was an advisor to Emperor Nero. | Seneca |
| Fighters who entertained Roman audiences in arenas like the Colosseum, often slaves or prisoners trained to fight to the death. | Gladiators |
| Jewish radicals during the Roman period who vehemently opposed Roman rule and sought to restore Jewish sovereignty. | Zealots |
| The central figure of Christianity, a Jewish preacher whose teachings and crucifixion became the foundation of the Christian faith. | Jesus |
| A title meaning "anointed one," used by Christians to refer specifically to Jesus as the Messiah. | Christ |
| The crime of betraying one’s country or sovereign, often punishable by death in ancient Rome. | Treason |
| An early Christian martyr and saint who was executed for her faith during Roman persecutions, notable for her courage and documented diary. | Perpetua |
| Roman emperor who reunited the empire, continued Diocletian’s reforms, legalized Christianity with the Edict of Milan, centralized imperial power, and established Constantinople as the new capital. | Constantine |
| The vision Constantine reportedly had before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, where he saw the Christian cross and heard this message, leading to his Christian conversion and victory. | "In this sign you will conquer" |
| Proclamation in 313 CE issued by Constantine and Licinius granting religious toleration throughout the Roman Empire, especially legalizing Christianity and ending persecutions. | Edict of Milan |
| A branch of the Gothic tribes who settled in Italy and established the Ostrogothic Kingdom after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. | Ostrogoths |
| Gothic tribe that sacked Rome in 410 CE and later established a kingdom in Spain and southern Gaul, playing a large role in the transformation of the late Roman world. | Visigoths |
| Germanic people who settled in Gaul and founded the Merovingian and later Carolingian dynasties, forming the foundation of medieval France. | Franks |
| The bishop of Rome, regarded as the spiritual leader of Western Christianity and supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church. | Pope |
| Pope who (590–604 CE) strengthened the papacy, promoted missionary work, and contributed to the foundation of medieval Christian Europe. | Gregory I |
| A man who separates himself from society to live a life of religious devotion, often in a monastery. | Monk |
| One of the earliest Christian monks, known as the father of monasticism for his ascetic life in the Egyptian desert. | Anthony |
| Founder of Western monasticism, author of the Rule of St. Benedict that structured monastic life emphasizing prayer, work, and community. | Benedict |
| The Eastern Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople, which preserved Roman law and Greek culture after the fall of the western empire and became a major medieval power. | Byzantine Empire |
| Roman emperor (284-305 CE) who stabilized the empire after the Crisis of the Third Century. | Diocleation |
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