used to determine all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a mating

shows a family's genetic history using standardized symbols to depict relationships and the presence of specific traits or diseases across generations

Homozygous dominant (DD)

The two alleles for the genotype are dominant (HH) and expressed in the phenotype

The two alleles for the genotype are different (Hh) and the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

The two alleles for the genotype are recessive (hh) and expressed in the phenotype in the absence of dominant allele

The disease is coded in the recessive allele and is masked by the dominant allele, so normal phenotype. Recessive allele can be passed to offspring.

The protein produced by the genotype and therefore what the trait looks like

Why phenotype ratio is different from genotype ratio

There are two genotypes Hh and HH for the dominant phenotype due to complete dominance

The dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele and is fully expressed in the phenotype

Two alleles for the trait are the same so all gametes produced are the same for the trait, so pass on the same version of the trait to all offspring.

Why predicted outcomes can be different to actual outcome (1/2)

Because the outcomes is only a prediction based on large numbers, the higher the number of breeding events, more the likely the predicted outcome will be correct

Why predicted outcomes can be different to actual outcome (2/2)

because it is random which sperm and egg fuse.

Involves crossing a homozygous recessive individual, (hh), (e.g., has to be homozygous for trait to express recessive phenotype) with individual of unknown genotype (Hh or HH).

the process of identifying the exact order of bases in a section (or gene) of DNA or the entire genome.

the specific order of the bases in a section of DNA e.g., a gene.

A specific, identifiable sequence of DNA with a known location on a chromosome that shows variation between individuals and can be used to track the inheritance of alleles within and between populations.

a unique pattern derived from an individual's DNA: A visualisation of several genetic markers

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as92022 L1 tracking

gene tracking Level 1

Question	Answer
Punnet square	used to determine all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a mating
Pedigree chart	shows a family's genetic history using standardized symbols to depict relationships and the presence of specific traits or diseases across generations
Homozygous dominant (DD)	The two alleles for the genotype are dominant (HH) and expressed in the phenotype
Heterozygous	The two alleles for the genotype are different (Hh) and the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
Homozygous recessive	The two alleles for the genotype are recessive (hh) and expressed in the phenotype in the absence of dominant allele
Carrier	The disease is coded in the recessive allele and is masked by the dominant allele, so normal phenotype. Recessive allele can be passed to offspring.
Physical expression	The protein produced by the genotype and therefore what the trait looks like
Why phenotype ratio is different from genotype ratio	There are two genotypes Hh and HH for the dominant phenotype due to complete dominance
complete dominance	The dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele and is fully expressed in the phenotype
Pure breeder	Two alleles for the trait are the same so all gametes produced are the same for the trait, so pass on the same version of the trait to all offspring.
Why predicted outcomes can be different to actual outcome (1/2)	Because the outcomes is only a prediction based on large numbers, the higher the number of breeding events, more the likely the predicted outcome will be correct
Why predicted outcomes can be different to actual outcome (2/2)	because it is random which sperm and egg fuse.
Test cross	Involves crossing a homozygous recessive individual, (hh), (e.g., has to be homozygous for trait to express recessive phenotype) with individual of unknown genotype (Hh or HH).
DNA sequencing	the process of identifying the exact order of bases in a section (or gene) of DNA or the entire genome.
DNA sequence	the specific order of the bases in a section of DNA e.g., a gene.
Genetic markers	A specific, identifiable sequence of DNA with a known location on a chromosome that shows variation between individuals and can be used to track the inheritance of alleles within and between populations.
DNA profile	a unique pattern derived from an individual's DNA: A visualisation of several genetic markers

Created by: NZARoberts

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