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as92022 L1 basics

genetic terms required for understanding

TermDefinition
Genome The complete set of genetic material (DNA) in an organism
Karyotype organized profile of a person's chromosomes/genome
Homologous pair of chromosomes two chromosomes have the same genes in the same location. Alleles for the genes maybe different
Allele alternate version of a gene, due to a change in the DNA base sequence.
DNA A double helix shaped molecule that carries the genetic instructions for an organisms development and function, via the base code A,T,C,G.
Nucleotide A building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G) .
Complementary base pair rule A rule that describes how nitrogen bases in DNA pair up: Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C).
Chromosomes Length of DNA containing many genes, stored in the nucleus of cells
Gene Sequence of DNA bases that code for a protein/trait
Sexual reproduction the process where genetic material from two parents combines to form a new, unique offspring
Fertilisation Genetically unique egg and sperm fuse to become a genetically unique zygote.
Zygote Genetically unique first cell formed via fertilization.
inheritance the process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to child.
phenotype Physical expression of the genotype (and its interactions with the environment)
genotype The two alleles inherited for a trait
Created by: NZARoberts
 

 



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