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cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life | cells |
| name given to the small internal structures of a cell that perform a specific function for the cell | organelle |
| who first looked at cork cells under a microscope and called the little boxes that he observed "cells" | Hooke |
| who was the first to observe micro organisms using his "simple" microscopes | Leeuwenhoek |
| this scientist noted that living cells can arise only from pre-existing cells | Virchow |
| What term is used to describe cells that do not contain a true nucleus and have no membrane bound organelles | procaryotic |
| which organisms are prokaryotic? | bacteria |
| what term is used to describe cells that contain a true nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles | eukaryotic |
| which organisms are eukaryotic | animals, plants, fungi, and protists |
| the part of the cell that controls all of the cell's activities | nucleus |
| the portion of the cell within the cell membrane that includes the fluid and all the organelles except the nucleus | cytoplasm |
| the part of the cell that separates one cell from another cell and regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell | cell membrane |
| this double membrane contains many pores and surrounds the nucleus of the cell | nuclear membrane |
| what name is given to the jellylike liquid found inside the nucleus | nucleoplasm |
| these structures are composed of DNA and contain the "code" of all of the genetic information of the cell | chromosomes |
| this structure manufactures the large and small subunits that compose a ribosome | nucleolus |
| small, spherical sacs that are classified according to their contents | vacuole/vesicle |
| the site of cellular respiration | mitochondria |
| this network of protein tubes and fiber helps maintain the shape of a cell, provides structure and support to the cell, and is involved in cell movment | cytoskeleton |
| these structures may be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER | ribosomes |
| this cell structure makes the lipids that are used to build membranes | smooth ER |
| this organelle contains strong digestive enzymes that are used to break down large molecules into smaller substances | lysosomes |
| the site in a cell where the assembly of proteins begins | ribosomes |
| this cell organelle modifies, sorts, and [packages the protein that are to be released from the cell | Golgi Apparatus |
| a storage area for food and water | vacuole |
| this organelle breaks down glucose and other food molecules and store energy in a form the cell can use (ATP) | mitochondria |
| these two short cylinders found near the nucleus help to organize microtubules during cell division | centroles |
| this part of the cell functions primarily as an "Intracellular Highway" along which molecules can move from one cell part to another | ER |
| if an ER has ribosomes, what's it called? | Rough ER |
| If an ER does NOT has ribosomes, what's is called? | Smooth ER |
| newly assembled proteins leave the ribosome and are inserted into functioning proteins | golgi apparatus |
| two types of fibers that compose the sytoskeletion | filaments and tubules |
| the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell | chloroplast |
| a very large, water-filled part of the plant cell. the function is to aid the cell wall in support | central vacuole |
| part of the cell that contains the green pigment chlorophyll | chloroplast |
| rigid structure that provides strength , support, and protection to a plant cells | cell wall |
| what is the name of tough, stringy, carbohydrate fibers that give strength to the cell wall? | cellulose |
| list two cell organelles that are surrounded by double membranes and contain DNA that is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus | mitochondria and chloroplast |
| term that is used to describe organisms composed of only one cell | unicellular |
| list if statements that compose the cell theory. | 1. all living things are composed of cells 2. cell are the basic units of all living things 3.New cell are all made of already living cells |
| what limits the size of a cell? explain why cells cannot grow to unlimited sizes. | the surface area to volume ratio. The volume increases faster than surface area. this means there is not enough membrane space to be able to take care of the cells |
| list three basic characteristics that are common to all types of cells | cell membrane, cystoplasm, DNA |
| list three structures found in plants cells that are not found in animal cells | central vacuole, cytoplast, and cell wall |
| list two structures found in animals cell that are not found in plant cells | lysosomes and centrioles |
| what is the relationship between the following terms: cell tissue, organ organ system? | cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, organs make up organs systems. |
| what is the full process overview of making a protein? | DNA is copied to RNA in nucleus, RNA goes to ribosome, ribosome reads RNA, makes proteins, proteins enter ER, travels through it to golgi, golgi checks, modifies, and packages proteins into vacuole/vesicle, used in cell or leaves to be used by other cell |
| Animal cell: A | Smooth ER |
| Animal cell:B | lysosome |
| Animal cell:C | centroles |
| Animal cell:D | mitochondria |
| Animal cell:E | ribosomes |
| Animal cell:G | golgi apparatus |
| Animal cell:H | rough ER |
| Animal cell:J | nucleolus |
| Animal cell:K | chromatin |
| Animal cell:L | nucleus |
| Animal cell:M | cytoplasm |
| Animal cell:N | cell membrane |
| Plant cell:A | nucleolus |
| Plant cell:B | nucleus |
| Plant cell:C | smooth ER |
| Plant cell:D | rough ER |
| Plant cell:E | ribosomes |
| Plant cell:F | cytoplasm |
| Plant cell:G | chloroplast |
| Plant cell:H | mitochondria |
| Plant cell:I | central vacuole |
| Plant cell:L | cell wall |
| Plant cell:M | cell mebrane |
| Plant cell:N | golgi apparatus |
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